#anticorp

• Anti-brush border antibody disease — Anti-brush border antibody (ABBA) disease is a rare autoimmune kidney condition, specifically a form of tubulointerstitial nephritis, characterized by autoantibodies targeting the LRP2 (megalin) protein in the proximal tubules, leading to acute tubular injury and progressive renal failure.
• To agglutinate — To gather, unite, or clump into compact groups or clusters. In immunology and hematology, it refers to the biochemical process by which cells (such as erythrocytes or bacteria) adhere to each other under the action of specific antibodies, while in linguistics it describes the act of attaching invariable affixes to a word root to express grammatical categories.
• Agglutination — The act of agglutinating or clumping and its result; the adhesion, union, or grouping of suspended particles. In immunology, it represents the specific reaction where antibodies cause the clumping of bacteria or erythrocytes, while in linguistics it is the welding of lexical and grammatical morphemes into a single word.
• Agglutinated — As an adjective and participle, having undergone the process of agglutination; cells, bacteria, or particles closely united, adhered, or grouped into clusters under the action of a specific biochemical agent. In linguistics, it describes elements or words formed by welding invariable affixes. As a neuter noun, it represents the product or compact mass resulting from this structural binding process.
• Agglutinin — A specific antibody or protein substance present in blood plasma or immune serum, capable of inducing the process of agglutination (clumping together) of foreign cells, bacteria, erythrocytes, or antigen-bearing particles. It plays a fundamental role in blood typing and in the immune defense mechanisms of the organism.
• Allotype — A genetic variation or structural antigenic determinant within a protein or immunoglobulin (antibody) that differentiates individuals within the same species. This form of molecular polymorphism reflects the presence of different alleles at the corresponding gene locus, utilized as an essential biological marker in population genetics, forensics, and immunogenetics.
• Anti-antibody — A specific antibody produced by the immune system that recognizes and binds directly to another antibody molecule (immunoglobulin); an anti-idiotypic antibody. In immunology, they are key to regulating immune responses and are widely used in diagnostic laboratory assays.
• Anti-coronavirus — Combating, neutralizing, preventing, or halting the multiplication and spread of viruses from the Coronaviridae family (including SARS-CoV-2); an antiviral medication, monoclonal antibody, immunological vaccine, or surface disinfectant specifically formulated to destroy or inhibit the viral structure in the organism or the environment.
• Antibody — A complex protein molecule (immunoglobulin) synthesized by B lymphocytes of the immune system in response to the entry of a foreign substance (antigen) into the body, possessing the specific structural capacity to bind to it for neutralization or destruction. This biological barrier forms the foundation of acquired immunity, ensuring defense against bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
• Antigen — Any macromolecular substance (protein, polysaccharide, or toxin), usually foreign to the body, capable of triggering a specific immune response, stimulating antibody synthesis, and reacting specifically with them. As an adjective, it describes an element possessing this immunogenic property.
• Antigenic — The feminine form of the adjective 'antigen' or a feminine noun variant used to designate an immune-triggering substance; it describes a molecular, viral, or cellular structure capable of stimulating the immune system to produce specific antibodies.
• Antigenic — Relating to antigens or possessing the property to act as an antigen; characterized by the capacity to stimulate a specific immune response. In modern virology, it describes viral genetic mutations (such as antigenic drift or shift) allowing pathogens to evade host antibodies.
• Antigen therapy — An advanced therapeutic method based on the controlled administration of specific antigens (tumoral, viral, or bacterial) into the body to stimulate, re-educate, or enhance the native immune response against a severe pathology. In modern oncology, antigen therapy includes the use of personalized therapeutic vaccines.
• Antiglobulin — A specific antibody (immunoglobulin) obtained by immunizing an animal, capable of recognizing and binding to other human globulins (antibodies) present in serum or fixed on cell surfaces; utilized as an essential immunological reagent in laboratory diagnostics (such as the Coombs test).
• Anti-insulin — A biological substance, specific antibody, or hormone (such as glucagon or cortisol) possessing a physiological action antagonistic to insulin, blocking or diminishing its blood glucose-lowering effect. In a structural sense, it causes an increase in blood sugar levels and can contribute to the development of insulin resistance.
• Antipepsin — An antibody, specific antibody, or biological substance with an inhibitory role that neutralizes the enzymatic activity of pepsin to digest proteins. This structural factor protects the gastric mucosa from self-digestion and is used in clinical research to study homeostatic mechanisms within the stomach.
• Antirenin — A specific antibody that neutralizes renin (an enzyme secreted by the kidneys with a major role in regulating blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). In biomedical research and pharmacology, the substance is used as an experimental or immunological tool to block excessive renin enzymatic activity, helping to study the mechanisms of renal hypertension.
• Antiserum — Blood serum (obtained from previously immunized humans or animals) containing a high concentration of specific antibodies directed against a particular antigen, virus, bacterium, bacterial toxin, or venom. In medical and emergency practice, antiserum is administered to provide immediate passive immunity, rapidly neutralizing dangerous pathogens or toxins released into the body before the patient's immune system can react.
• Antitoxin — A specific antibody formed in the body of a human or animal as an immune response to the introduction of a bacterial, plant, or animal toxin, having the capacity to selectively neutralize its toxic effect. In medical practice, the term also designates the injectable pharmaceutical preparation obtained from the serum of immunized animals, used as an emergency treatment in serious infectious diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, or botulism.
• Autoagglutination — A spontaneous biological or immunological phenomenon in which blood cells (especially erythrocytes or platelets) in a sample cluster and clump together on their own, as a result of the direct reaction between membrane antigens and specific autoantibodies present in their own serum, without the addition of an external reagent; a clinical test relevant for diagnosing autoimmune hemolytic anemias.