Antigen
Definition
Any macromolecular substance (protein, polysaccharide, or toxin), usually foreign to the body, capable of triggering a specific immune response, stimulating antibody synthesis, and reacting specifically with them. As an adjective, it describes an element possessing this immunogenic property.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Antigen
- Immunogen
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Masculine noun and variable adjective adjusting across standard gender and plural boundaries. |
| Formation | Derived from the French 'antigène', structurally tracking back to the conceptual shortening of antibody-generating substances. |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [an.ti.ˈd͡ʒen] |
| Source | Lexicon of Molecular Immunology, Pathogenic Structures, and Diagnostic Laboratory Methods |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: Un test rapid depistează prezența unui antigen specific la suprafața virusului, confirmând infecția în câteva minute.
EN: A rapid test detects the presence of a specific antigen on the surface of the virus, confirming the infection within a few minutes.
RO: Sistemul imunitar recunoaște acest antigen străin și începe imediat producerea de anticorpi pentru a-l neutraliza.
EN: The immune system recognizes this foreign antigen and immediately begins producing antibodies to neutralize it.
RO: Vaccinul conține un antigen inofensiv care antrenează celulele albe fără a provoca apariția bolii în organism.
EN: The vaccine contains a harmless antigen that trains white blood cells without causing the onset of the disease in the organism.
Idioms & Phrases
Test antigen / Antigen test / rapid diagnostic test
RO: Procedură medicală de laborator sau screening rapid utilizată pentru identificarea directă a proteinelor virale ori bacteriene.
EN: A medical laboratory procedure or rapid screening utilized for the direct identification of viral or bacterial proteins.
Prezentare de antigen / Antigen presentation
RO: Proces celular imunitar prin care macrofagele expun fragmente din patogen pe suprafața lor pentru a alerta limfocitele T.
EN: An immune cellular process whereby macrophages expose fragments of the pathogen on their surface to alert T lymphocytes.
Determinant antigen / Antigenic determinant / epitope
RO: Secțiunea moleculară specifică a unui antigen (epitop) care este recunoscută fizic și legată de către anticorp sau receptor.
EN: The specific molecular section of an antigen (epitope) that is physically recognized and bound by the antibody or receptor.
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