#evolution

• Anthropogeny — A branch of anthropology and evolutionary biology dealing specifically with the study of the origin, emergence, and development of the human species; a synonymous variant for anthropogenesis. The term denotes the system of scientific theories and field research aimed at reconstructing humanity's family tree through osteological and genetic evidence.
• Anthropoid — Resembling or presenting anatomical and behavioral characteristics similar to those of humans. As a neuter noun (in the plural antropoide), it denotes a group of higher primates (such as the chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon) belonging to the Anthropoidea suborder, characterized by the absence of a tail, advanced brain development, and partial bipedal posture.
• Anthropoid ape — The feminine form of 'antropoid'; describes a species of higher primates, an anatomical structure, or a behavioral manifestation exhibiting striking similarities to those of the human species. As a noun, it denotes a great ape from the Anthropoidea suborder (such as a female chimpanzee or gorilla) noted for the absence of a tail and a highly developed brain.
• Anthropoids — The masculine plural form of 'antropoid'; denotes individuals or species of higher primates, as well as fossil representatives from the Anthropoidea suborder, characterized by structural anatomical, genetic, and behavioral similarities to humans, being considered our closest evolutionary relatives.
• Anthropologist — A person specialized in anthropology, the science dealing with the comprehensive and comparative study of human beings from biological, evolutionary, social, linguistic, and cultural standpoints. This specialist analyzes the prehistoric origins of mankind, genetic and anatomical population diversity, as well as kinship structures, myths, traditions, and organizational forms of both archaic and modern communities.
• Anthropological — Pertaining to anthropology, relating to the comprehensive study of human beings, culture, evolution, anatomy, or human societies; characteristic of field research focused on the behavior, traditions, and biological traits of our species.
• Anthropology — The science dealing with the comprehensive, global, and comparative study of man as a biological, cultural, and social entity. This academic discipline is divided into several fundamental branches, such as physical anthropology (anatomy, genetics, evolution), cultural and social anthropology (customs, kinship structures, myths), and linguistic anthropology.
• Anthropomorphids — A rare taxonomic or systematic name, historically used in primate classification to denote the family or extended group of higher anthropomorphic apes that present the closest structural, skeletal, and genetic similarities to humans. The study of these fossils and living specimens helps clarify the intermediate links in the hominid evolutionary tree.
• Anthropomorphism — A conception, doctrine, or psychological and religious tendency to attribute human qualities, feelings, passions, intentions, and shapes to deities, animals, inanimate objects, or blind forces of nature. In the history of religions, it represents the core characteristic of ancient polytheism, whereas in modern psychology, it is considered a cognitive bias through which humans humanize their environment to make it intelligible.
• Anthropomorphosis — The process, transformation, or state of transition toward an anthropomorphic form or structure; a morphological transformation of a fossil organism, a species, or a natural element that gradually acquires lines similar to those of the human body. In a strict primatological sense, it describes the emergence of hominid-like traits during the physical evolution of higher primates.
• Anthropony — A branch of onomastics dealing with the theoretical, historical, and comparative study of proper personal names (given names, surnames, nicknames, pseudonyms); it also denotes the entirety of personal names characteristic of a language, a historical epoch, a geographical region, or a specific human community.
• Anthroponosology — An interdisciplinary branch of medicine and biological anthropology dealing with the study, classification, and definition of diseases, conditions, and pathologies specific exclusively to the human species. This science analyzes how human genetic, anatomical, and adaptive characteristics influence susceptibility to certain pathogens that do not affect other animals.
• Anthropopithecus — An archaic or historical scientific name given to a hypothetical genus of transitional fossil primates, considered linking bridges between higher apes and humans; ape-man. In the 19th century, the term was used by paleontologists to classify fossils presenting a structural mixture of simian and hominid traits, prior to the establishment of modern Homo and Australopithecus taxonomies.
• Anthropopsychology — An interdisciplinary branch of psychology and cultural anthropology dealing with the study of human-specific psychic traits, structures, and manifestations in close correlation with biological evolution, cultural environment, and social context. This science analyzes how collective mindset, behavior, and human consciousness are structurally shaped by society's traditions and institutions.
• Anthroposomatology — A specialized branch of physical anthropology dealing with the study of the structure, form, proportions, and variability of the human body in relation to evolutionary, hereditary, and environmental factors. This field analyzes the correlations between somatic parameters and various bio-physiological or ethnic aspects of populations, providing essential data for understanding the morphological variability of the human species.
• Anthropotechnics — The ensemble of methods, techniques, and strategies used for shaping, controlling, or optimizing human behavior and social structures within a civilization. In an advanced theoretical sense, it describes the ways in which technology and biopolitical disciplines intervene directly in the biological and cultural evolution of the human species to adapt it to the demands of the modern era.
• Anthropozoiic — Belonging to or characteristic of the current geological era, decisively marked by the appearance, evolution, and global expansion of the human species; a geological period of time (often referred to as the Quaternary) in which anthropogenic activities have become a major factor in transforming the Earth's relief, biosphere, and climate.
• Aorta — An archaic and masculinized variant of the noun 'aortă', used in the first Romanian medical treatises from the middle of the 19th century to designate the main arterial trunk of the organism. This term documents an early stage of stabilization of the national medical terminology before the standard feminine neologism was established.
• Aplacental — Lacking a placenta; a mammal or organism that does not develop a placenta during the embryo's gestation period, with reproduction occurring via eggs or through fetal development inside an external marsupial pouch (e.g., monotremes and marsupials).
• Applauses — A historical graphical and morphological variant used for the plural of the neuter noun 'aplaos' or derived directly from the root of the verb 'aplauda', utilized in 19th and 20th-century texts to denote hand clappings as a form of public appreciation. This structural form has been replaced in modern academic norms by the standardized variant 'aplauze', but remains an important reference in the study of Romanian theatrical and literary lexicon evolution.