#peg

• Switchman — A railway worker specialized in the manual operation or monitoring of track switches within a station or shunting yard, holding direct responsibility for directing trains and wagons onto the correct tracks. Figuratively, the popular Romanian idiom 'acarul Păun' describes an innocent or minor employee turned into a scapegoat to cover up the corruption, errors, or negligence of higher-ups or an entire system.
• Scapegoat — A famous Romanian idiomatic phrase used to designate an innocent person, a low-ranking subordinate, or a minor employee who is administratively or politically sacrificed and turned into a scapegoat, being held solely responsible for a catastrophic error, corruption, or gross negligence committed by superiors or caused by a systemic failure. The origin of the idiom stems from a historical event in 1923, when a major train accident in Vintileanca station was blamed exclusively on a railway switchman named Ioan Păun to shield corrupt upper management.
• Allanite — A mineral belonging to the epidote group, black, brown, or gray in color, with a resinous or submetallic luster, containing significant percentages of rare-earth elements (cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, yttrium), alongside traces of thorium or uranium, which give it a weakly radioactive nature. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and occurs as an accessory mineral in igneous (granites, pegmatites) and metamorphic rocks.
• Antep — An extremely rare regional term, found contextually in certain isolated dialects or local administrative documents, used archaically to designate a small wooden post, a boundary stake, a rudimentary support element for grapevines, or a fastening component used in rural households. In other cases, it may be a phonetically altered or simplified variant of a foreign technical term partially assimilated.
• Arpeggiando — A musical performance directive indicating that the notes of a chord should not be played simultaneously, but successively, from lowest to highest or vice versa, mimicking the characteristic plucking technique of the harp. Unlike a structural arpeggio, this term functions as a dynamic stylistic instruction, demanding fluidity and distinct individuality for each sound component.
• Arpeggio — A musical chord whose constituent notes are played successively and distinctly, in ascending or descending order, rather than being heard simultaneously. It represents a fundamental element in instrumental technique study and the construction of melodic lines or accompaniments, frequently used in classical, jazz, rock, and electronic music to add motion and texture to the composition.
• Arpeggione — A historical bowed string instrument, similar in size to a cello but tuned like a guitar (six strings) and equipped with frets on the fingerboard, invented in 1823 by Johann Georg Staufer. It is known almost exclusively through Franz Schubert's famous Sonata in A minor for arpeggione and piano, offering a melancholic, hybrid timbre between a classical guitar and orchestral strings.
• To arpeggiate — To execute the notes of a musical chord successively and distinctly, in an ascending or descending order, instead of playing them simultaneously. This action is frequently used by pianists, guitarists, and harpists to create fluid melodic textures, fragment static harmony, or add a dynamic and dramatic effect to the performed musical pieces.
• Arpeggiated — Regarding chords or musical fragments: executed by emitting the component notes successively and distinctly, in ascending or descending order, modeled after the harp technique; also describes a melodic line structured on successive arpeggios.
• Arpeggiation — The act of arpeggiating a chord and its result; the systematic breaking down of harmonic structures by playing the constituent notes successively in instrumental performance. It is a fundamental technique used to provide fluidity, dynamics, and relief to musical textures.
• Arpegio — An alternative or partially unadapted spelling variant of the term 'arpegiu' or 'arpeggio', designating the successive and distinct execution of a musical chord's notes in ascending or descending order. It is frequently utilized in instrumental technical manuals to describe repetitive digital training patterns on the piano or guitar.
• Arpeggio — The successive and distinct execution of a musical chord's notes in ascending or descending order, instead of playing them simultaneously; a broken chord modeled after the specific harp technique. It represents a basic structural pattern in composition, jazz, and instrumental technique study for piano, violin, or guitar, serving to fluidize the melodic line and enrich the harmonic texture.
• Arpej — A rare, simplified, or obsolete spelling variant of the term 'arpegiu', sometimes used in musicians' jargon or old score translations to describe the successive execution of chord notes. Although not the form recommended by current academic norms, it is found in certain technical glossaries dedicated to plucked string instruments.
• Aylostera spegazziniana — A species of perennial dwarf cactus native to the mountainous provinces of Argentina, named in honor of the renowned botanist Carlos Luigi Spegazzini. The plant body is structurally formed of dark grey-green globose or short cylindrical stems, protected by short, pectinately arranged spines. It produces spectacular, deep red or scarlet funnel-shaped flowers that develop delicately from the side of the base, being recognized for its structural resistance to low temperatures during rest periods.
• Bago — A major city and administrative region in southern Myanmar (formerly Burma), situated on the Bago River, historically known as Pegu, famous for its ancient Mon kingdom heritage and massive Buddhist pagodas.