#mutation

• Anomaliflorous — Having anomalous, irregular, or asymmetric flowers; characteristic of plants whose floral elements (petals, sepals, or stamens) exhibit major structural or morphological deviations from the standard symmetrical pattern of their genus or family. This botanical epithet or descriptor is used rarely, especially to define monstrous varieties, teratological mutations, or hybrid evolutionary adaptations.
• Anorthoploid — Presenting a numerical chromosomal anomaly in which the chromosome set is not an exact multiple of the basic haploid number; an organism, cell, or genome characterized by the presence or absence of some of the individual chromosomes from the normal genetic complement. In structural genetics, the anorthoploid state severely affects meiosis and usually leads to sterility due to the uneven distribution of genetic material in gametes.
• Antigenic — Relating to antigens or possessing the property to act as an antigen; characterized by the capacity to stimulate a specific immune response. In modern virology, it describes viral genetic mutations (such as antigenic drift or shift) allowing pathogens to evade host antibodies.
• Anti-flu — Preventing, combating, alleviating, or treating influenza and its clinical manifestations; a medicinal or biological preparation (vaccine) designed to neutralize influenza viruses or reduce associated symptoms. Antiflu medications include specific antivirales and symptomatic mixtures.
• Antioncogene — A tumor suppressor gene whose normal function is to negatively control cell proliferation, repair DNA errors, or trigger apoptosis, thereby preventing malignant transformation of cells; in an adjective sense, it describes a mechanism, protein, or therapy capable of counteracting oncogene action and inhibiting cancer development.
• Automelia — A rare form of congenital morphological anomaly or teratological monstrosity in insects, characterized by the presence of one or more supernumerary appendages (legs, antennae) abnormally inserted onto their own thoracic or cephalic segments, often as a result of aberrant embryonic division. In structural entomology, this phenomenon is studied to understand homeotic mutations and the genes controlling segmentation and correct body axes development.
• Automorphosis — A morphological anomaly, spontaneous structural modification, or direct malformation occurring in a plant, caused exclusively by internal factors (genetic, physiological, intrinsic hormonal), independent of any direct action from the external environment or parasites. In plant histology, this phenomenon is studied to understand spontaneous deviations from the normal growth pattern and spontaneous somatic mutations within meristematic tissues.