#valley

• Agăș — The name of a commune and its administrative center located in Bacău County, in the Moldavia region of Romania, situated along the Trotuș River valley between the Tarcău and Ciuc mountains. The locality is renowned for its spectacular mountain landscapes, rich forestry resources, and traditional architecture specific to the sub-Carpathian area, holding a history tied to timber exploitation and trans-Carpathian trade routes.
• Agnita — A town located in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania, situated in the Hârtibaci River valley; it is an ancient Saxon settlement (first documented in 1280 as Sancta Agatha) renowned for its fortified church and the preservation of unique medieval traditions, such as the Lole Festival (Fuga Lolelor). The locality serves as an important historical, handicraft, and cultural center for the Hârtibaci Valley microregion.
• Agricea — The name of a small watercourse (stream) or a valley located within the geographic area of Romania, carrying local hydrographic importance. It represents a specific rural hydronym, often used by local communities as a landmark for outlining agricultural properties or pastures.
• Agrigentum — A historical, literary, or Latinized name used in Romanian for the city and province of Agrigento in southwestern Sicily, Italy. Founded in antiquity by Greek colonists under the name Akragas, it later became the famous Roman city of Agrigentum, globally recognized for its exceptionally preserved Doric temples in the Valley of the Temples.
• Agrigento — A city and commune on the southern coast of Sicily, Italy, and the capital of the province of the same name. The locality is globally renowned for its neighboring archaeological site called the Valley of the Temples (Valle dei Templi), a structural assembly of exceptionally preserved Doric Greek temples listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
• Alimpesti — A commune and its residential village of the same name located in Gorj County, Oltenia region, Romania, situated in the Olteț River valley. The area is historically recognized for its valuable archaeological discoveries testifying to continuous settlement since the Iron Age, as well as for preserving historical traditional wooden church architecture monuments.
• Allentown — An important city located in eastern Pennsylvania, United States of America, serving as the county seat of Lehigh County. Founded in the 18th century, it is the state's third-largest city and is historically recognized as a major industrial center within the Lehigh Valley. In global pop culture, the name is tightly linked to Billy Joel's famous 1982 song of the same name, which chronicles the decline of the American steel industry.
• Almaden — A historical city and municipality located in the province of Ciudad Real, Spain, world-famous for its cinnabar deposits, representing the largest and oldest mercury mine in human history, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Additionally, the name designates an advanced technological research center owned by IBM located in Silicon Valley, California (IBM Almaden Research Center).
• Anaclinal — Flowing or oriented in a direction opposite to the dip of structural geological strata; said of a valley or a watercourse that traverses a relief by cutting through rocky layers contrary to their natural deposition slope. It represents a fundamental concept in hydrographic network analysis, often indicating very old watercourses that predate the tectonic movements that tilted those strata.
• Anahuac — A term of Nahuatl origin historically designating the central region of Mexico (the Valley of Mexico), structurally defined as the territorial and cultural core of the Aztec Empire. Literally meaning 'world between waters' or 'close to water', the name refers to the ancient lake system where the capital Tenochtitlan was founded, being used today both as a Mexican national identity symbol and as a name for various modern settlements in Mexico and the United States (Texas).
• Andijan — A major city and the administrative center of the homonymous region in eastern Uzbekistan, located in the southeastern part of the Fergana Valley. Founded in antiquity along the historical Silk Road route, the city is renowned as the birthplace of Emperor Babur (founder of the Mughal Empire) and represents a strategic industrial economic hub focused on the automotive, electronics, and cotton processing industries.
• Angers — A historic and prominent city in western France, capital of the Maine-et-Loire department in the Pays de la Loire region, and the former seat of the historical province of Anjou. Situated on the banks of the Maine River near its confluence with the Loire, the city is globally renowned for its outstanding medieval heritage, featuring the 13th-century Château d'Angers, which houses the famous Apocalypse Tapestry. Angers also serves as a premier academic, cultural, and economic center, recognized as a major European hub for horticulture and green technology.
• Aninoasa — The name of several localities and administrative units in Romania (including a town in Hunedoara County and communes in Argeș, Dâmbovița, and Gorj counties), whose name originates etymologically from the abundant presence of alder trees in those respective areas. The town of Aninoasa in the Jiu Valley is historically recognized as a former important coal mining center, currently focused on economic reconversion and tourism.
• Anjou — A former historical province in western France, centered around the city of Angers and along the Loire River valley, corresponding largely to the modern department of Maine-et-Loire. The region is famous in European history as the nucleus of the powerful feudal Plantagenet dynasty (House of Anjou), which provided monarchs to England, Jerusalem, Hungary, and Naples, while also recognized for its spectacular châteaux and renowned vineyards.
• Aosta — A historical city and capital of the Aosta Valley autonomous region in northwestern Italy, located in the Western Alps near the borders with France and Switzerland. Founded by the Romans as Augusta Praetoria Salassorum, the territory preserves remarkable ancient monuments and represents a crucial transport hub through alpine tunnels to the rest of Europe.
• Arieș valley native — A native inhabitant of the Arieș Valley region (Apuseni Mountains, Transylvania) or from the localities along this river; belonging to this geographical area, its population, or the specific traditional culture of the 'moți'.
• Woman from the Arieș Valley — A woman or girl originating from the region known as the Arieș Valley, located in the Apuseni Mountains, Transylvania, Romania, or a female inhabitant of the settlements along this river. In an ethnographic context, the term characterizes the affiliation of a female individual to the Moți communities within the Arieș drainage basin, historically recognized for their specific traditions, folklore, and traditional dress.
• Arpașu Mare — The primary upper watercourse within the Arpaș hydrographic basin, situated on the northern slope of the Făgăraș Mountains, collecting mountain torrents and feeding the hydrographic network of southern Transylvania. The valley carved by this river is characterized by a prominent glacial and rocky terrain, holding major ecological importance due to its faunal biodiversity and local hydropower potential.
• Asău — The name of a commune and its residential village in Bacău County, Moldavia, Romania, located in the mountainous area of the Trotuș Valley. The locality is historically recognized for its forestry operations, picturesque relief consisting of mountain massifs and hydrographic basins, being also a reference point in the region's rural administrative network.
• Assam — A federal state located in the northeastern region of India, structurally situated along the valleys of the Brahmaputra and Barak rivers; it represents a world-reference geopolitical and economic zone, famous for its rich biodiversity (Kaziranga National Park), massive oil production, and especially for the extensive cultivation of high-quality black tea that bears its name.