#stroke

• Intake — The initial phase of the operating cycle of an internal combustion engine or pump, during which the working fluid (air, fuel mixture, or steam) is sucked or introduced into the cylinder; the pipe, port, or mechanism through which this introduction is achieved. The process is controlled by special valves to optimize volumetric efficiency and complete combustion.
• Aphagia — A severe medical condition defined by the total inability or absolute powerlessness to swallow saliva, liquids, or food, representing the most extreme and dangerous form of dysphagia. This pathology can occur following a stroke, severe neuromuscular disorders, tumoral esophageal obstructions, or the presence of a foreign body, requiring urgent medical attention to prevent aspiration pneumonia or malnutrition.
• Alexia — A severe neurological disorder characterized by the total or partial loss of the ability to read and comprehend written language, caused by an acquired lesion in the brain structures involved in visual-linguistic processing (specifically in the left parietal or occipital lobe). Unlike illiteracy, the condition occurs in individuals who previously possessed the ability to read, and unlike dyslexia, it is an acquired condition rather than a developmental disorder.
• Aloplectic — An old, archaic medical term or regional phonetic variant used in the past for apoplectic; pertaining to apoplexy (stroke, sudden cerebral congestion) or presenting a constitutional predisposition toward this severe condition. In the historical clinical lexicon, it described a state of deep coma or sudden paralysis installed following a major intracranial hemorrhage.
• Anarthria — An extreme clinical form of dysarthria, characterized by the complete loss of the ability to articulate words and pronounce speech sounds, resulting from a severe lesion of the central or peripheral nervous system (such as strokes, head traumas, or neurodegenerative diseases). In neurological semiology, this structural disorder exclusively affects the motor function of the muscles involved in phonation, while language comprehension and writing capabilities remain intact.
• Anosognosia — A severe neurological cognitive disorder characterized by a patient's total or partial inability to be aware of or recognize their own illness, functional deficit, or paralysis (such as hemiplegia). This structural phenomenon typically occurs following acute lesions of the right parietal lobe of the brain (caused by strokes or tumors), leading the patient to firmly maintain they are completely healthy despite clinical evidence.
• Anozodiaphoria — A neuropsychological disorder characterized by a state of affective indifference or complete unconcern displayed by a patient toward the presence of a severe functional deficit, such as a paralysis (hemiplegia) resulting from a stroke. Although the patient can verbally acknowledge the physical problem (unlike in anosognosia), they exhibit a bizarre lack of worry or emotional reaction toward the severity of the disease and its structural impact on their life.
• Indentation — A trace, indentation, or mark left on a surface following the exertion of a physical pressure or compression force; the act of short and energetic pressing with a writing instrument, chisel, or mechanical device. In the art of engraving or drawing, it defines the line intensity resulting from the hand force applied onto the working medium.
• Apoplectic — Pertaining to or suffering from apoplexy; predisposed to a sudden vascular cerebral stroke or severe congestion. Figuratively and behaviorally, the term describes an individual who is extremely choleric, impulsive, with a deeply flushed, red face caused by violent and uncontrollable rage, giving the impression of being on the verge of a stroke.
• Apoplexy — A sudden, partial or total suspension of cerebral functions, accompanied by loss of consciousness and paralysis, caused by a massive intracranial hemorrhage or the acute occlusion of a cerebral artery; a cerebrovascular stroke (CVA). In a broader or historical sense, the term denotes the sudden effusion of blood within the tissue of any vital organ (such as uterine, pulmonary, or ovarian apoplexy).
• Apraxia — A neurological disorder characterized by an individual's pathological inability to execute coordinated, intentional, and goal-directed movements or gestures, despite completely intact elementary motor functions (strength, tone, reflexes) and sensory pathways. This structural phenomenon is caused by lesions located in the association areas of the cerebral cortex, particularly in the parietal or frontal lobe.
• Asomatognosia — A structural neurological and body schema disorder characterized by a patient's inability to recognize, identify, or perceive a part of their own body or the entire body as belonging to them; this clinical phenomenon is usually caused by focal lesions localized in the right parietal lobe of the non-dominant cerebral hemisphere and often manifests within unilateral spatial neglect syndrome.
• Stroke — Acronym for Cardiovascular Accident or Stroke (Accident Vascular Cerebral), an acute and extremely severe medical condition that occurs when the blood flow to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted or reduced (ischemic stroke) or when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke). This deprivation of oxygen and nutrients leads to the rapid death of nerve cells in the affected area, manifesting through paralysis, speech impediments, loss of balance, and requiring emergency medical assistance.
• Backhand — A technical stroke executed in racket sports (tennis, table tennis, badminton) played with the back of the hand facing the direction of the ball's trajectory. This structural maneuver requires specific body positioning and shoulder rotation, and it can be performed either single-handed or with both hands to ensure superior control and increased ball speed.