#political history

• Intelligence network — The totality of secret agents, informants, or collaborators operating in a coordinated network of espionage or intelligence within a foreign state; a local agency or branch representing the hidden or official interests of an external power. In a historical sense, the term often describes operational networks used for gathering strategic intelligence.
• Intelligence network variant — An archaic form or old variant for the noun agentură; the totality of secret agents, informants, or collaborators in a spy network operating within a state; also, a local office, agency, or branch representing the official or hidden interests of a foreign power. The term is frequently used in 19th and 20th-century diplomatic and political documents.
• Allende — A Basque-origin family name of world renown, famous in political history through Salvador Allende (1908–1973), the first democratically elected socialist president of Chile, overthrown in the military coup led by Augusto Pinochet. In culture, the name is universally known thanks to Isabel Allende, one of the most famous and translated contemporary Spanish-language authors, writer of 'The House of the Spirits'.
• Female anarchist — The feminine form for the term anarchist; a woman, militant, or activist who adheres to the principles and values of anarchism, fighting for the abolition of oppressive institutional hierarchies and government control. As an adjective, it represents the feminine gender form describing an organization, ideology, magazine, or movement of a deeply anti-authoritarian, decentralized character based on autonomous social emancipation.
• Annexation — The action of annexing or the result thereof; the forced or unilateral incorporation, annexation, or attachment of a foreign territory into the administrative and political structure of a state.
• Annexationist — Supporting, promoting, or belonging to annexationism; a person, political leader, or sovereign state practicing or envisioning the forced and unilateral incorporation of foreign territories. In a structural sense, it describes an aggressive foreign conduct based on violating international peace treaties and expanding borders through military coercion.
• Annexationist — A female supporting expansionist doctrines or, as an adjective, a political measure, a doctrine, or an external action aiming for the forced, unilateral, and permanent incorporation of a foreign territory. This structural approach violates the sovereignty of nations and is driven by imperialistic interests to expand state borders.
• Anglo-American — Relating to or involving both Great Britain (England) and the United States of America; achieved through the cooperation, alliance, or structural fusion of British and American elements. As a noun, it defines an inhabitant of North America who is of English descent or uses the English language as a native idiom within a well-defined cultural context.
• Anglo-French — Relating to or involving both Great Britain (England) and France; achieved through the cooperation, alliance, or structural fusion of British and French elements. In a historical and linguistic context, it also refers specifically to the hybrid idiom or dialect used by the ruling class in medieval England after the Norman Conquest, having a major structural impact on the formation of the Middle English language.
• Anglo-Saxon — Relating to the Angles and Saxons, the Germanic tribes that colonized Britain in the 5th century AD, or to the civilization, language (Old English), and kingdoms founded by them. In a modern and extended sense, this well-defined structural descriptor denotes the peoples, languages, cultures, or legislative and economic systems specific to the contemporary Anglophone world (especially Great Britain, the USA, Canada, and Australia).
• Anti-bourgeois — Hostile to the bourgeoisie, its values, mentalities, or social order; a political, social, or ideological attitude specific to leftist doctrines (Marxism, communism) or certain avant-garde artistic movements that reject the conventionalism, materialism, and conformist spirit of the middle class. As a noun, it defines a person or militant fighting against the bourgeois social order.
• Anti-Ceaușescu — A person, militant, or opponent fighting against the dictatorial regime, cult of personality, or policies promoted by Nicolae Ceaușescu. As an adjective, it describes manifestations, ideas, writings, pamphlets, or resistance movements specific to this political opposition during the communist era.
• Anticlerical — Opposing clericalism, the excessive influence of the clergy or church institutions in the political, social, cultural, and administrative life of a state; a proponent of secularism and the strict separation of church and state. As a noun, it defines a person or political militant who critiques ecclesiastical privileges and advocates for the secularization of public institutions.
• Anticlerical — A woman or activist who opposes clericalism and the political influence of the church in the state. As an adjective, it represents the feminine form of 'anticlerical', describing an attitude, movement, law, publication, or ideology that promotes secularism, the secularization of society, and the elimination of ecclesiastical privileges.
• Anticlericalism — An ideological current, political attitude, or social movement opposing clericalism; a doctrine that combats the influence of the ecclesiastical hierarchy in public, political, judicial, and educational state affairs. This historical phenomenon, heavily developed during the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, promotes secularism, freedom of conscience, and the complete secularization of government institutions.
• Anti-colonial — Opposing colonialism, imperialist dominance, or the political and economic exploitation of territories by foreign powers; relating to the national liberation movements of colonized peoples. In a historical and geopolitical sense, it describes revolts, doctrines, treaties, or discourses that campaigned for independence and self-determination during the 19th and 20th centuries.
• Anticolonialism — An ideological current, political attitude, or social movement manifested globally against colonialism and imperialist dominance; a doctrine that condemns the exploitation of dependent territories by foreign powers and supports the right of colonized peoples to self-determination, sovereignty, and national independence. This historical phenomenon reached its zenith in the 20th century, leading to the collapse of major European colonial empires.
• Anti-colonialist — A person, leader, or political militant fighting against colonialism and supporting the national liberation movements of oppressed peoples; a critic of imperial systems. As an adjective, it describes manifestations, revolts, writings, ideologies, or organizations specific to the struggle for decolonization and sovereign independence.
• Anticommunism — An ideological current, political attitude, or social movement opposing communism, Marxism-Leninism, left-wing totalitarian regimes, and state-planned economies. This global historical phenomenon brought together civic movements, democratic parties, underground armed resistances (such as the one in the Romanian mountains), and international security alliances during the Cold War, advocating for democracy, individual freedom, and private property.
• Anti-Christianity — An ideological current, philosophical attitude, or social and political movement directed against Christianity, its dogmas, ecclesiastical institutions, or Christian believers. This historical phenomenon includes diverse manifestations, from imperial persecutions in the early centuries to radical secular currents or state atheism policies in the totalitarian regimes of the 20th century.