#numismatics

• Agorot — The plural noun form of agorot; it refers to the fractional currency unit of Israel, representing exactly one-hundredth part of an Israeli New Shekel (ILS). Coins minted in agorot denominations are actively circulated for retail and governmental transactions.
• Alfior coin — An archaic and regional name used in old Romanian documents to designate a silver coin or a florin from a specific Central European minting. In a medieval economic context, the term circulated sporadically within the extra-Carpathian space to track foreign currency.
• Aloi — An archaic and regional technical term used in the past to designate a metallic alloy, specifically the mixture of gold or silver with base metals (such as copper), used for minting coins or crafting jewelry. In a broader structural sense, it represents an obsolete synonym for alloy, indicating the purity degree or fineness of a precious metal processed in old mint workshops.
• Altun — An old Ottoman gold coin, occasionally used also in the Romanian Principalities during the period of Turkish suzerainty; a high-value monetary piece made of precious metal, used in major commercial transactions, for hoarding, or for paying tribute to the Sublime Porte.
• Altunluk — An Ottoman fractional silver or billon coin, with a fixed nominal value representing a fraction of an altun (or the equivalent of six piastres / kurus); it circulated temporarily in the Balkans and the Romanian Principalities during the 18th and 19th centuries as exchange currency for daily medium-scale transactions.
• Altun — Traditional graphical variant (spelled with 'î') for 'altângea'; an old high-value Ottoman gold coin that also circulated in the Romanian Principalities, specifically used for hoarding, large-scale commercial transactions, and paying tribute to the Sublime Porte.
• Altunluk — Traditional graphical variant (spelled with 'î') for 'altângic'; an Ottoman fractional silver or billon coin, equivalent to an altunluk (six kurus), which circulated as a daily exchange instrument in the Balkans and Romanian Principalities during the 18th and 19th centuries.
• Androcephalous — Having the head of a man or a male human form at the cephalic extremity; a term used to describe mythological creatures or hybrid artistic representations (such as the Egyptian sphinx, Assyrian winged bulls, or ancient Celtic coins) that structurally combine an animal body with a male human head.
• Anepigraphous — A term defining an ancient monument, a funerary stele, a coin, or an archaeological object completely lacking any inscription, written text, or engraved legend. As an adjective, it describes the structural state of a historical artifact that, although specially made to commemorate an event or serve as a medium of exchange, contains no paleographical elements, leaving its identification to style or context analysis alone.
• Anna — A historical subdivisionary monetary unit used in British India and adjacent Asian regions, representing the sixteenth part of a rupee. In the traditional metrology of the Indian subcontinent, the term also denoted a fractional unit of measurement for areas or weights, completely withdrawn from official circulation with the transition to the decimal currency system in the mid-20th century.
• Antocc — An archaic mint mark, workshop sigil, or rare epigraphic acronym encountered in late Roman and Byzantine historical records, utilized to denote provenance from a major urban center (such as Antioch - Antiochia) or a specific imperial administrative function, serving as an essential study point in deciphering worn numismatic inscriptions.
• Areate coins — An archaic or neological term used in niche numismatic studies to designate silver-plated ancient coins or monetary pieces structurally featuring a pronounced circular border or profiled area on the obverse or reverse. In an archaeological sense, the term describes bounded circular imprints or flat regions on various metallic artifacts discovered in ancient sites, serving as metric indicators for studying minting or casting techniques.
• Argenti — 1. An archaic name or plural form used in ancient commercial manuscripts to denote silver coins, thalers, or exchange pieces made of white precious metal. 2. A verbal form popularly derived from the regional verb 'a arginti', indicating the act of coating a surface with a thin layer of silver, giving pearlescent metallic reflections to an object, or, in the subjunctive mood, a desire for aesthetic transformation.
• Argenti — 1. A form of the verb 'a arginta', indicating the act of coating a surface with a protective layer of silver or imparting pearlescent metallic reflections to a natural element. 2. An archaic name or plural variant used in ancient commercial manuscripts to denote silver coins, thalers, or exchange pieces made of white precious metal.
• Artut coin — A designation attributed to an old silver coin of small value, which circulated in the German states and bordering regions during the Middle Ages. As an adjective, the term describes an object, a price, or a financial transaction evaluated or closely linked to this historical monetary unit, utilized in regional trade during the early medieval period.
• Artut coins — The plural form of the term artut; old silver coins of small value issued and used within Germanic and Central European territories during the medieval period. As an adjective, it describes multiple elements, prices, or monetary transactions involving the utilization or evaluation via these historical divisional units.
• Assarion — An archaic name or rare lexical variant designating an ancient monetary unit of small value (the Roman as or its subdivision) used in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire or in ancient ecclesiastical texts to translate the copper coins mentioned in the Gospels; it represents a reference term in the study of monetary circulation in the Mediterranean basin.
• Astratinii — A structural archaeological and numismatic term used to denote a special type of ancient silver coins minted or discovered in the Pontic and Balkan regions, characterized by specific geometric markings resembling star rays. In niche studies, the term indicates rare monetary series issued by local confederations or specific late Hellenistic hoards used in regional commercial trade.
• Small gold coin — A rare archaic diminutive form of the noun 'aur' (gold), historically used in vernacular speech to denote a small gold coin, a minor nugget of native gold obtained from alluvial washing, or a miniature metallic decoration with brilliant yellow reflections.
• Aureus — Latin taxonomic adjective meaning 'golden', used as a specific epithet in binomial nomenclature (famous for Staphylococcus aureus, named after the yellow color of its colonies on agar plates). In numismatics, it is a masculine noun designating the famous Roman gold coin struck regularly starting from the 1st century BC.