#flow

• Sweet sultan (botany) — (Botany, regional) A species of herbaceous plant from the genus Centaurea (Centaurea suaveolens), native to the Orient, cultivated in gardens for its highly fragrant golden-yellow flowers with a sweet, amber-like scent; (archaic, adj.) dark red or somber colored (with reference to fine silk fabrics).
• Abutilon — A genus of herbaceous or shrubby plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions, widely cultivated in horticulture as an ornamental indoor or garden plant. Popularly known as the 'parlor maple' due to the lobed shape of its leaves, the plant is highly esteemed for its spectacular, pendulous, bell-shaped or Chinese lantern-like flowers, colored in bright shades of yellow, red, pink, or orange.
• Abutilon darwinii — A species of ornamental shrub in the Malvaceae family, native to the tropical forests of Brazil, characterized by densely pubescent, palmate-lobed leaves and large, bell-shaped, pinkish-orange flowers highlighted by spectacular reddish veins. This species plays a historical and fundamental role in global horticulture, being one of the primary genetic parents used in creating most decorative *Abutilon* hybrids grown today in greenhouses and apartments.
• Abutilon vitifolium — The synonymous scientific designation for *Corynabutilon vitifolium*, a species of large shrub or small tree in the Malvaceae family, native to the temperate rainforests of Chile. This unique plant is widely cultivated globally in botanical and landscape gardens due to its large, soft-haired, palmate-lobed leaves that resemble vine leaves, and for its spectacular, wide-open, cup-shaped flowers colored in delicate shades of pale blue, lavender, or golden-white.
• Abutilon x hybridum — The collective designation assigned to a vast and complex group of artificial ornamental hybrids in the Malvaceae family, obtained through the selective crossbreeding of several species native to South America (such as *Abutilon darwinii* and *Abutilon striatum*). These plants, universally known as 'parlor maples', are among the most popular potted plants globally, highly valued for their continuous blooming, lush foliage, and rich color palette of bell-shaped corollas (white, yellow, pink, orange, red).
• Acalyculate — A morphological term used to describe a flower or floral structure that completely lacks a calyculus (an outer calyx or epicalyx). The calyculus is a collection of modified sepals or bracts forming an outer ring around the true calyx in certain plants (such as Malvaceae or Rosaceae families), and its absence serves as an essential taxonomic criterion for identifying and differentiating specific genera and species.
• Acanthus mollis — A species of large, rhizomatous, perennial herbaceous plant in the Acanthus genus, native to the Mediterranean region. It is characterized by large, glossy dark green leaves, deeply lobed, but with soft, flexible, and spineless margins and lobes, a feature directly reflected in its specific epithet. Its monumental inflorescences, shaped as long, dense spikes bearing tubular white flowers with purple hues, hold a legendary historical importance, being the exact botanical model that inspired the Corinthian capital decorations in ancient Greek and Roman architecture.
• Acanthus montanus — A species of evergreen perennial subshrub with partially woody bases, belonging to the Acanthus genus and Acanthaceae family, native to the tropical rainforests and shaded mountainous areas of West and Central Africa. It is distinguished by its large, deeply lobed, and heavily undulated leaves, whose margins are armed with sharp, rigid spines. Its inflorescences are spectacular erect terminal spikes made of white, pale pink, or light lilac tubular flowers, valued in horticulture for its exotic and sculptural appearance.
• Acanthiflorous — A plant morphological term used as an adjective to describe a plant whose flowers or inflorescences are equipped with spines, thorns, or sharp rigid bracts. This anatomical characteristic is frequently found in species of the Asteraceae family (such as thistles) or the Acanthaceae family, where the prickly elements surrounding the corolla serve as a protective barrier for reproductive organs against harmful insects and herbivores.
• Acarpellous — Completely lacking carpels (modified leaves with a feminine reproductive role that constitute the gynoecium or pistil of a flower). The term specifically describes unisexual male (staminate) flowers or sterile flowers whose anatomical structure completely lacks a female reproductive apparatus, or where it aborted in early floral bud stages.
• Acacia blossoms — A popular regional name attributed to the fragrant, drooping inflorescences of the black locust tree or flower clusters belonging to certain climbing plants; acacia blossoms. In old rural communities, the term was utilized in its plural form to describe the abundance of white flowers hanging gracefully from tree canopies, heavily gathered in spring for medicinal virtues or traditional jams.
• Actinomeris — Scientific name for a taxonomic genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the Asteraceae family, native to North America, currently often included in or closely associated with the genus Verbesina. Species within the Actinomeris genus are structurally characterized by tall stems, distinct leaf-like wings along the stalk, alternate or opposite leaves, and flower heads featuring yellow disk florets centrally and radiating ray florets externally, with compressed achenes bearing two persistent awns.
• Actinomorphic — Relating to flowers or invertebrate organisms; characterized by perfect radial symmetry, allowing the body or organ to be divided into two perfectly symmetrical (mirrored) halves by two or more distinct vertical planes passing through the central axis. In structural botany, an actinomorphic flower (such as that of Rosaceae or Liliaceae) displays floral parts arranged in regular concentric circles, facilitating pollinator access from any direction.
• Adelphous — A specialized term used to describe a flower or plant whose stamens are fused or united by their filaments, forming one or more distinct bundles. As a noun, it defines any plant organ or floral structure exhibiting this particular anatomical feature of fusion, commonly found in families such as Malvaceae.
• Adelphy — An anomaly or structural characteristic of certain flowers consisting of the total or partial fusion of the staminal filaments into one or more distinct bundles. This morphological phenomenon facilitates specific pollination strategies and represents an important taxonomic criterion in classifying certain plant families, such as Malvaceae.
• Adonis aestivalis — The scientific name of the summer pheasant's eye, an annual herbaceous plant in the Ranunculaceae family, with solitary bright red or purple flowers featuring a black spot at the base of the petals. The plant grows spontaneously in lowland areas as a weed in cereal crops and contains highly toxic cardiotonic glycosides, used controllably in traditional medicine.
• Adonis amurensis — The scientific name of the Amur pheasant's eye, a perennial herbaceous plant in the Ranunculaceae family, native to Eastern Asia (Siberia, China, Japan, and Korea). The plant blooms in early spring, often pushing through the snow with its large, solitary, intense golden-yellow flowers, traditionally used as an ornamental plant and in Eastern medicine due to its cardiotonic compounds.
• Adonis annua — The scientific name of the autumn pheasant's eye, an annual herbaceous plant in the Ranunculaceae family, native to North Africa, Europe, and Western Asia. The plant reaches heights of up to 50 cm, featuring finely divided leaves and solitary, intense blood-red flowers with a black center, often found as a weed in agricultural crops or cultivated for ornamental purposes.
• Adonis flammea — The scientific name of the flame pheasant's eye, an annual herbaceous plant in the Ranunculaceae family. The plant is remarkable for its solitary, intense scarlet-red flowers reminiscent of the color of flames, often spotted with black at the base of the petals. It grows spontaneously in lowland and hilly areas, preferring calcareous and sunny soils within cereal crops or dry grasslands.
• Adonis vernalis — The scientific name of the spring pheasant's eye, a perennial herbaceous plant in the Ranunculaceae family. It is renowned for its large, solitary, bright golden-yellow flowers that appear early in April or May. The plant is of great importance in phytotherapy due to its content of adonitoxin and cymarin, substances used controlledly as a cardiac regulator, while also being a protected species in many regions due to the shrinking of its natural habitats.