#examination

• Actinoscopy — A historical medical term used in the past to designate fluoroscopy or radioscopy; a method of direct, real-time visual examination of the internal structures of the human body by projecting radiological shadows onto a fluorescent screen under the action of X-rays. This early structural technique allowed physicians in the last century to observe organ movements (such as heart pulsations or lung respiration) without developing a photographic plate.
• Aerocystoscopy — A method of direct visual endoscopic examination of the inside of the urinary bladder using an aerocystoscope, after the cavity has been mechanically distended by insufflating sterile air or another gas. This diagnostic or therapeutic procedure allows a meticulous inspection of the bladder mucosa and small surgical interventions without using a liquid medium.
• Aeroscopy — A scientific method, technique, or laboratory investigation consisting of the examination, observation, and analysis of the physical, biological properties, or impurities of atmospheric air through optical devices. This structural discipline enables the identification of microparticles, bacteria, and pollutant compounds suspended in the lower layers of the troposphere, providing essential data for applied meteorology and public hygiene.
• Alcoholoscope — An apparatus or optical device used for the qualitative examination or rapid, indicative determination of the presence and concentration of alcohol in a liquid mixture or exhaled breath. Unlike a precision alcoholmeter, it provides an immediate visual or structural evaluation, historically used in rudimentary analytical laboratories and early field tests.
• Amphorophony — A pathological acoustic phenomenon observed during thoracic auscultation, characterized by an altered timbre of the voice or breath sounds, which acquire a distinct metallic resonance similar to speaking across the mouth of an empty jug. This structural anomaly indicates the presence of a large, aerated pulmonary cavity with rigid walls, or the existence of a pneumothorax.
• Amplexation — The act of embracing or tightly clasping; in biology and zoology, it represents the mating act or firm reflex grasping (specific to amphibians during amplexus, where the male clasps the female with his forelimbs); in medical and anatomical terminology, it describes surrounding, manual examination via circular palpation, or the close structural joining of tissues or blood vessels.
• To analyze — To examine a whole, a phenomenon, or an object by decomposing it into its component elements to determine its structure, properties, or laws of development. In a broad sense, it means to scrutinize closely, to study in depth, to critically evaluate a situation or behavior, or to perform qualitative and quantitative laboratory determinations on substances or biological samples.
• Analyzing — The act of analyzing and its result; the actual process of detailed examination, critical study, or structural decomposition of an object, text, dataset, or sample. Unlike the abstract noun 'analiză' (which often indicates the result or method itself), this term emphasizes the dynamic unfolding of the operation or the activity currently in progress.
• Anamnesis — A fundamental clinical method consisting of the totality of data obtained by a physician or psychologist through a structured dialogue with the patient or their relatives, regarding the history of the disease onset, family medical history, and living or working conditions. It represents the essential first stage of the clinical examination, aimed at guiding the diagnosis toward a specific pathology and establishing a relationship of trust between the specialist and the patient.
• Anoscope — A tubular, cylindrical, or conical medical instrument, made of metal or sterile plastic material, used in proctology for the direct visualization and endoscopic examination of the mucosa of the anal canal and the lower portion of the rectum. This structural device is often equipped with an integrated lighting system and allows the physician to diagnose fissures, hemorrhoids, polyps, or other local lesions, while also providing access for minor therapeutic procedures or biopsy sampling.
• Anoscopy — A minimally invasive diagnostic medical procedure consisting of the direct examination of the mucosa of the anal canal and lower rectum using an anoscope, performed to detect proctological diseases.
• Astroscopy — A rare and descriptive method or technique of direct observation and continuous visual examination of celestial bodies without automatic graphic or photographic recording. In a historical sense, the term referred to the qualitative study of stellar phenomena carried out by simply looking through the eyepiece of telescopes, being replaced in the modern era by spectroscopy and astrophotography.
• Audiological — Belonging to audiology, relating to audiology, or to the clinical and scientific study of hearing function; linked to the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment techniques of hearing impairments. The term describes equipment, tests, laboratories, or medical protocols designed to analyze sound waves.
• Self-analysis — The act of self-analyzing or its result; a process of conscious, detailed, and systematic examination of one's own mental processes, emotional states, motives, and behaviors; introspection. In rare technical or medical contexts, it can also denote the execution of an automated diagnostic or chemical analysis procedure performed by a device on its own components or loaded samples.
• Self-contemplation — The act of self-contemplating and its result; a profound process of introspection, meditation, and inner analysis through which an individual examines their own thoughts, emotional states, psychological mechanisms, and self-awareness. This structural practice allows for achieving superior existential clarity and a detached evaluation of one's own identity.
• Self-examination — An examination that someone performs on their own person; a preventive clinical investigation carried out individually (such as palpation) or an inner critical analysis of one's own thoughts, knowledge, behaviors, and states of consciousness.
• Self-examination — The act of self-examining and its result; a methodical process through which an individual investigates their own body for the purpose of preventing medical conditions or critically analyzes their emotional states, thoughts, and knowledge.
• To autopsy — To examine a human corpse through structural dissection and macroscopic or microscopic analysis of internal organs, with the goal of precisely establishing the medical or forensic cause of death, the progression of latent diseases, or the nature of sustained injuries. This rigorous clinical process allows the anatomo-pathological documentation of tissue changes and is essential in investigating violent, suspicious, or sudden deaths, providing objective data for forensic expertise.
• Self-study — The act of self-studying and its result; the autonomous process of learning, researching, or deepening knowledge without external didactic assistance. In the sphere of psychology, it represents the critical and systematic examination of one's own personality, feelings, or motivations, serving as a fundamental method for personal growth and emotional self-regulation.
• Bacterioscopic — Relating to bacterioscopy; performed, determined, or confirmed through the direct microscopic examination of bacteria within a biological sample or culture. In a clinical context, bacterioscopic analyses (such as Gram or Ziehl-Neelsen staining) provide rapid diagnostic guidance regarding the morphology and arrangement of microbial cells before final culture results are obtained.