#Homer

• Abii / Abians — A historical and mythological term taken from ancient Homeric texts and old geographies, sometimes used in early European medical and anthropological treatises to denote a Scythian nomadic tribe north of the Danube, described as living in complete asceticism, abstinence, and holding a strict lacto-vegetarian diet. In 19th-century medical hygiene texts, they were cited as a historical example of extreme longevity achieved through dietary moderation, lack of vices, and pathological isolation from urban epidemics.
• Aeaea — A mythical island described in Homer's epic poem, the Odyssey, as the home and domain of the goddess-sorceress Circe. Surrounded by the open sea and covered in dense oak woodlands, the island represents a symbolic space of magical metamorphosis, where wanderers are transformed into wild or domestic beasts.
• Aed — An ancient Greek poet-singer (archaic period) who composed and recited epics and heroic songs, usually accompanying himself on the phorminx or cithara. Unlike rhapsodes of later eras, who merely declaimed fixed texts written by others, the aoidos was a direct creator who improvised verses during public performance, relying on a vast repertoire of traditional formulas.
• Aeolus — Aeolus; the mythological god, ruler, or keeper of the winds in Greek and Roman mythology, who lived on the floating island of Aeolia and kept storms locked inside a deep cave, releasing them only at the command of the major gods. In a modern context, the term designates various space projects (such as ESA's ADM-Aeolus meteorological satellite), atmospheric phenomena, or structural wind engineering concepts.
• Aepytus — Aepytus; the name borne by several characters in Greek mythology, the most famous being the mythical king of Arcadia, son of Elatus, mentioned by Homer in the Iliad. Another prominent figure with this name is the son of Cresphontes and Merope, who avenged his father's death and reclaimed the throne of Messenia, becoming the founder of the Aepytid dynasty.
• Agamemnon — A central character in Greek mythology and Homer's epic 'Iliad', legendary king of Mycenae and the supreme commander of the Achaean armies during the Trojan War. Son of Atreus and brother of Menelaus, his structural figure embodies absolute royal authority, but also the tragic pride that triggered the conflict with Achilles, being assassinated upon his return by his wife, Clytemnestra.
• Achaean — Pertaining to the Achaeans, an ancient Hellenic population of the Bronze Age that dominated mainland Greece and founded the Mycenaean civilization; relating to or characteristic of their culture, language, or confederations. As a noun, it designates a member of this ancient Greek tribe, famous in Homeric epics for the siege of Troy.
• Achaean — The singular form of the ethnic noun or adjective designating a member of the Achaeans, an ancient Hellenic population of crucial importance in the Bronze Age, responsible for creating the Mycenaean civilization. In a literary and Homeric context, the term defines the Greek warrior participating in the siege of Troy, representing the archetype of the ancient hero characterized by bravery and structural honor.
• Achilles — The legendary chief hero of Homer's epic Iliad, son of the goddess Tethys and the mortal Peleus, famous for his courage, strength, and destructive wrath during the Trojan War. Dipped by his mother in the river Styx to become invulnerable, he remained vulnerable only at the heel by which he was held. In a broad sense, the name designates the prototype of the invincible warrior, and in anatomy, it names the strongest muscle tendon.
• Achilleus — An academic graphic and phonetic variant, faithful to the direct transliteration from Ancient Greek, for the name of the mythological hero Achilles. It is primarily used in classical philology studies, rigorous modern translations of Homeric epics, and specialized historical works to restore the original sound of the name of the son of the goddess Tethys and King Peleus.
• Ajax — The name borne by two legendary Greek heroes participating in the Trojan War in Homer's epic, the Iliad. The most famous, Ajax of Salamis (or Ajax the Great), son of Telamon, is recognized as the second bravest and strongest Greek warrior after Achilles, characterized by a gigantic stature and a massive bronze shield; the second, Ajax of Locris (or Ajax the Lesser), son of Oileus, is famous for his speed and his tragic end caused by the wrath of the gods after desecrating Athena's temple.
• Alcander — A name of ancient Greek origin designating several minor figures in classical history and mythology. In Homer's Iliad, Alcander is a Lycian warrior slain by Odysseus during the Trojan War; in Spartan history, it refers to the young man who struck and blinded the lawmaker Lycurgus in one eye, but was subsequently forgiven and transformed into a devoted supporter through gentleness and education.
• Alcinous — A legendary character in Greek mythology (Alcinous), king of the Phaeacians on the island of Scheria, husband of Arete, and father of Nausicaa, most notably famous in Homer's Odyssey. Alcinous represents the ultimate ancient model of royal hospitality and wisdom, being the one who honorably received the shipwrecked Odysseus, listened to his famous tales of wanderings, and provided him with a magical ship to return home to Ithaca.
• Alcinous — The Latinized and international form of the name of the mythological king Alcinous, the wise ruler of the Phaeacians in Homer's Odyssey. In the context of ancient philosophy, the name Alcinous also refers to a 2nd-century CE Middle Platonist philosopher, author of the handbook 'The Handbook of Platonism' (Didaskalikos).
• Amphigeia — A Romanianized form, rare graphical variant, or faulty transcription for Amphigeia (Amphigenia), an ancient Greek city mentioned in Homeric writings (Iliad) as belonging to Nestor's kingdom of Pylos. In a niche structural mythological and geographical sense, the term identified a locality in Messenia or Elis famous for an ancient sanctuary, being used exclusively as a historical indexing element in vintage classical translations.
• Amphimedon — A character in Greek mythology and Homer's epic poem the 'Odyssey', son of Melaneus and one of the suitors of Penelope in Ithaca. He was slain by Telemachus during Odysseus's slaughter of the suitors; in Book 24 of the epic, his shade in the underworld relates the story of Odysseus's return and revenge to the ghost of Agamemnon, confirming the triumph of marital fidelity.
• Amphinomus — A character in Greek mythology and a key suitor of Penelope in Homer's 'Odyssey', son of King Nisos of Dulichium. He stood out among the suitors for his good manners, prudence, and respect for divine laws; although he received a direct warning from Odysseus (disguised as a beggar) to flee the palace and save his life, fate (Athena) bound him to stay, and he was eventually killed by Telemachus's spear.
• Amphithoe — An ancient proper noun designating a Nereid in Greek mythology, daughter of Nereus and Doris, a marine nymph personifying the agility and swift movement of ocean waves; in zoology, the term represents the taxonomic genus 'Amphithoe' (frequently spelled Ampithoe), grouping various species of marine amphipod crustaceans known for constructing algal tubes.
• Amyntor — The original Latin form for the proper name Amyntor; a character in Greek mythology, king of Ormenion and father of the hero Phoenix, known from Homer's Iliad. In the history of Ancient Macedonia, the name was borne by a famous aristocrat, the father of Hephaestion, Alexander the Great's closest friend and general.
• Andraemon — The name of several characters in classical Greek mythology, the most prominent being the king of Aetolia, husband of Gorge and father of Thoas (a hero who led the Aetolians in the Trojan War). In a literary and structural context, this mythological entity embodies the archaic royal dynasty and complex genealogical connections used by ancient poets (such as Homer) to establish territorial legitimacy and warlike alliances.