Axolemma
Definition
A specialized plasma membrane (plasmalemma) that completely surrounds and structurally delimits the axon of a nerve cell. This fine cellular barrier plays a crucial physiological role in maintaining the resting potential and in the ultra-fast propagation of the action potential via voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, ensuring a delicate and coordinated transmission of the nerve impulse toward other synapses.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Axolemma
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Feminine noun, regular structural plural and dative case variations within medical literature. |
| Formation | Scientific compound composed of the Greek prefixoid 'axo-' (axon) and the secondary Greek-derived element '-lemma' (sheath, membrane, from Greek 'lemma'). |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [ak.so.ˈle.mə] |
| Source | Encyclopedia of Human Cytology, Neurobiology and Cellular Membrane Standards |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: În neuronii mielinizați, teaca de mielină acoperă structural cea mai mare parte din axolemă, lăsând libere doar nodurile Ranvier.
EN: In myelinated neurons, the myelin sheath structurally covers most of the axolemma, leaving free only the nodes of Ranvier.
RO: O degradare patologică a axolemei poate bloca complet transmiterea semnalelor electrice de la creier către mușchi.
EN: A pathological degradation of the axolemma can completely block the transmission of electrical signals from the brain to the muscles.
RO: Cercetătorii au analizat densitatea canalelor de sodiu dispuse de-a lungul axolemei prin tehnici de imunoflurență.
EN: The researchers analyzed the density of sodium channels arranged along the axolemma using immunofluorescence techniques.
Idioms & Phrases
Depolarizare de axolemă / Axolemma depolarization
RO: Modificare rapidă a permeabilității membranei axonice care permite declanșarea fluxului de ioni în timpul unui stimul.
EN: A rapid change in axonal membrane permeability allowing the trigger of ion flow during a stimulus.
Structură bilipidică a axolemei / Axolemma bilipid structure
RO: Configurație moleculară formată dintr-un dublu strat de fosfolipide care asigură izolarea interioară a axoplasmei.
EN: A molecular configuration formed by a phospholipid bilayer ensuring the internal isolation of the axoplasm.
Spațiu subaxolematic / Subaxolemmal space
RO: Zonă celulară fină situată imediat sub axolemă, bogată în microfilamente ce susțin mecanic forma axonului.
EN: A fine cellular zone located immediately below the axolemma, rich in microfilaments mechanically supporting the axon shape.
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