#action potential

• Axolemma — A specialized plasma membrane (plasmalemma) that completely surrounds and structurally delimits the axon of a nerve cell. This fine cellular barrier plays a crucial physiological role in maintaining the resting potential and in the ultra-fast propagation of the action potential via voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, ensuring a delicate and coordinated transmission of the nerve impulse toward other synapses.
• Axon — A unique, long, and thread-like extension of a neuron, which has the fundamental structural and physiological role of conducting the efferent nerve impulse (action potential) away from the cell body (soma) toward other nerve, muscle, or glandular cells. This cellular component is delimited by the axolemma, contains axoplasm, and is often protected by an insulating myelin sheath, facilitating an ultra-fast, precise, and delicate transmission of bioelectric signals within the nervous system.