Acrosome

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masculine noun (biology / cytology / histology)

Definition

A vesicular cellular formation, resembling a specialized lysosome, located as a cap or protective envelope on the anterior portion of the spermatozoon head nucleus. This structural organelle, derived from the Golgi apparatus during spermiogenesis, contains a large amount of potent hydrolytic enzymes (such as hyaluronidase and acrosin) destined to dissolve the outer protective zones of the ovum (zona pellucida) to allow penetration and biological fertilization.

Bilingual Equivalents

  • Acrosome
  • Acrosomal cap

Grammatical & Source Details

Inflection Type Masculine noun with regular morphological plural transformations in '-i'.
Formation Neologistic borrowing via French 'acrosome', combining the Greek roots for apex or tip and body 'soma'.
Spelling / Pronunciation [a.kro.ˈzom]
Source Lexicon of Advanced Cytology, Germ Cell Morphologies, and Reproductive Embryology

Contextual Usage Examples

RO: Reacția prin acrozom este un stadiu biochimic obligatoriu, fără de care spermatozoidul nu poate fuziona cu membrana plasmatică a ovocitului.

EN: The acrosome reaction is a mandatory biochemical stage, without which the sperm cannot fuse with the oocyte plasma membrane.

RO: Analiza ultrastructurală a evidențiat un acrozom deformat sau absent la pacienții afectați de o formă rară de infertilitate numită globozoospermie.

EN: Ultrastructural analysis revealed a deformed or absent acrosome in patients affected by a rare form of infertility called globozoospermia.

RO: In timpul spermiogenezei, vezicula ce va deveni un acrozom se extinde treptat, acoperind jumătatea anterioară a nucleului condensat.

EN: During spermiogenesis, the vesicle that will become an acrosome gradually expands, covering the anterior half of the condensed nucleus.

Idioms & Phrases

Reacție acrozomială / Acrosome reaction

RO: Procesul de fuziune a membranelor prin care enzimele din acrozom sunt eliberate la contactul cu învelișul oului.

EN: The process of membrane fusion whereby the enzymes inside the acrosome are released upon contact with the egg envelope.

Veziculă de acrozom / Acrosomal vesicle

RO: Formațiunea saciformă inițială derivată din aparatul Golgi, care acumulează granula densă proacrozomială.

EN: The initial sac-like formation derived from the Golgi apparatus, which accumulates the dense proacrosomal granule.

Integritate a acrozomului / Acrosome integrity

RO: Parametru clinic de laborator urologic care indică proporția de spermatozoizi cu calotă intactă și funcțională dintr-un eșantion.

EN: A urological laboratory clinical parameter indicating the proportion of sperm with an intact and functional cap in a sample.

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