#spasm

• Abies concolor / White fir — A species of fir native to the mountains of Western North America, commonly known as the white fir or concolor fir. In Native American medicine and modern aromatherapy guides, distilled extracts from Abies concolor are recognized for their potent sedative effects on the nervous system, as well as spasmolytic and analgesic properties, used to alleviate high anxiety states and chronic muscle pain.
• Achalasia — A rare primary motor disorder of the esophagus, characterized by the absence of normal peristalsis in the esophageal body and the defective or incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter during swallowing. This neurodegenerative condition leads to food accumulation in the esophagus, causing its progressive dilation, clinically manifesting as dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), regurgitation, retrosternal pain, and weight loss.
• Acrocyanosis — A chronic, painless peripheral circulatory disorder characterized by a persistent bluish or livid discoloration of the body's extremities, accompanied by cold sweat and local hypothermia.
• Agonal — The plural form (feminine and neuter) of the adjective agonal; it refers to clinical phenomena, spasms, or manifestations that accompany the final death throes, representing the disorganized and reflex attempts of an organism in its terminal stage.
• Agonic — Relating to terminal agony or the final struggle before clinical death; synonymous with agonal, it describes the states, spasms, or inefficient respiratory reflexes displayed by an organism experiencing terminal biological collapse.
• Algospasm — A painful muscle spasm; an involuntary, sudden, violent, and persistent contraction of a muscle or muscle group, accompanied by an intense sensation of acute pain. In clinical practice, it describes severe nociceptive episodes associated with cramps or visceral colic.
• Angiospasm — A sudden, temporary, and involuntary constriction of the smooth muscle fibers within a blood vessel wall, leading to a marked narrowing of the vascular lumen and a transient reduction in circulatory flow. This well-defined pathological structural phenomenon can affect the coronary arteries (causing Prinzmetal's angina), cerebral arteries, or peripheral vessels of the extremities, clinically manifesting as acute episodes of ischemic pain, localized pallor, and paresthesias.
• Angiospasmodic — Relating to angiospasm, having the property of causing a vascular spasm, or a medication / pharmacological substance designed to combat and relax spastic contractures of vessel walls. As a clinical descriptor or well-defined therapeutic agent, it acts directly on arterial smooth muscle to restore normal lumen caliber and improve blood perfusion in organs affected by ischemia.
• Angiospastic — Relating to angiospasm, belonging to it, or characterized by a marked tendency toward sudden, involuntary, and painful contraction of the smooth muscle within arterial walls. In a clinical and structural context, this descriptor defines crises, ischemic episodes, or well-defined vascular syndromes (such as Raynaud's disease) dominated by a transient spastic narrowing of the circulatory lumen under the influence of neurovegetative or thermal stimuli.
• Antiperistaltic — Opposing the normal peristaltic movements of the digestive tract, slowing down or reversing the muscular contractions of the stomach or intestines; an antiperistaltic drug structurally used in gastroenterology to halt spasms, acute diarrhea, or violent intestinal contractions. In a clinical sense, it describes both spasmolytic substances and the pathological phenomenon of retrograde digestive content movement.
• Antiperistalsis — A physiological or pathological phenomenon consisting of the reversal of the muscular contraction waves of the digestive tract, propagating in the opposite direction of the normal one, from the lower to the upper stages. This structural mechanism can occur as a defense reaction of the body in case of toxic substance ingestion, generating vomiting, or as a severe symptom within mechanical intestinal obstructions and occlusions.
• Antispasmodic — Counteracting, preventing, or relieving spasms, meaning sudden, involuntary, and painful contractions of smooth or skeletal muscles. As a noun, it denotes any medication, herbal remedy, or bioactive compound clinically administered to induce muscle relaxation and soothe abdominal, renal, or biliary colic.
• Antispasmodic — A linguistic and medical variant synonymous with antispasmatic; the property of a medication or therapeutic agent to suppress convulsions and acute muscle spasms. In modern medical terminology, the term is frequently preferred in Anglo-Saxon literature to classify gastrointestinal motility inhibitors and calcium channel blockers used in irritable bowel syndrome.
• Antispastic — Counteracting, preventing, or reducing muscle spasticity, hypertonia, and painful involuntary spasms caused by neurological or digestive conditions. As a noun, it defines a medication or active substance administered to relax striated muscles in diseases like multiple sclerosis or cerebral palsy, or smooth muscles during severe colic.
• Antispasmodic — Orthographic variant accepted for antispasmodic; the property of a pharmaceutical compound or plant extract to inhibit increased motility and involuntary contractions in the smooth muscles of hollow organs. As a noun, it represents an active substance frequently prescribed for the rapid relief of acute pain caused by biliary, urinary, or intestinal crises.
• Arteriospasm — A sudden, involuntary, and temporary constriction of the smooth muscle within the wall of an artery, causing an acute narrowing of the vascular lumen and a transient reduction in blood flow to the supplied tissue. This arterial spasm can be triggered by thermal stimuli (cold exposure), intense emotional stress, chemical substances, or nervous imbalances, generating episodes of reversible local ischemia (as seen in Raynaud's syndrome or vasospastic angina).
• Asthmatic — Suffering from bronchial asthma or manifesting the clinical symptoms characteristic of this chronic respiratory disease (dyspnea, wheezing, coughing); (as an adjective) belonging to asthma, caused by it, or relating to the paroxysmal attacks of suffocation triggered by bronchospasm and airway inflammation.
• Asthmatic — A female person suffering from asthma or exhibiting the symptoms of this chronic respiratory condition; an adjective describing a state, a clinical manifestation (such as a wheezing and difficult breathing), or a cough directly correlated with bronchial asthma. In a modern medical context, the term refers to the hypersensitivity of inflamed airways, which react through bronchospasm to various allergens or physical exertion.
• Asafoetida — A gummy resin obtained from the rhizomes and roots of perennial herbaceous plants of the genus Ferula (family Apiaceae), native to Iran and Afghanistan; it is structurally characterized by a strong, repulsive, sulfurous odor (resembling rotten garlic), but is widely used in Indian cuisine as a digestive spice (developing a pleasant aroma after cooking) and in traditional phytotherapy as an antispasmodic.
• Hiccup — A regional form or archaic phonetic variant for 'sughiț' (hiccup); an involuntary and repeated spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, followed by a sudden closure of the glottis that produces a characteristic sound. As a verbal form, it represents the first person singular of the regional verb 'asughița' (to hiccup).