#phoneme

• Alphabetic script — An extremely restricted specialized technical term designating a purely alphabetical writing system, where each individual sound (phoneme) corresponds to a single distinct graphic mark (grapheme); by extension, in some historical philology studies, the term refers to the initial phase of adopting Greek or Latin alphabet characters over older ideographic or syllabic systems.
• Allophone — 1. In phonetics, a combinatory or positional variant of a phoneme, representing its concrete acoustic realization in speech depending on the phonetic context, without altering the word's meaning. 2. In sociolinguistics, a person or community in a given territory whose native language is different from the official or majority language of that region.
• Articulatory — Relating to the articulation of speech sounds, belonging to this process, or produced by the coordinated movement of the organs of the vocal apparatus; describes the physical and muscular mechanism by which the tongue, lips, teeth, and soft palate modify the laryngeal airflow to generate distinct phonemes. In structural linguistics, analyzing these features is fundamental for the scientific classification of consonants and vowels.