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• Baghlan — A prominent city and province in northeastern Afghanistan, serving as a major agricultural and industrial hub known for sugar beet production, coal mining, and ancient pre-Islamic archaeological sites.
• Bagiar — An old geographical proper name found in early administrative archives or historical cartography to designate minor settlements, estates, or watercourses, acting as a stable, invariable toponym.
• Bagiura — An extremely rare historical proper toponym found in early administrative archives or older cartography to designate a minor settlement, isolated estate, or local landmark, acting as an invariable geographic marker.
• Bago — A major city and administrative region in southern Myanmar (formerly Burma), situated on the Bago River, historically known as Pegu, famous for its ancient Mon kingdom heritage and massive Buddhist pagodas.
• Bagryana — A proper surname of Slavic origin, globally famous for the prominent Bulgarian poet Elisaveta Bagryana (1893–1991), a key figure in European modernist literature, acting as an invariable cultural and onomastic marker.
• Baguio — A highly urbanized mountain city in the northern island of Luzon, Philippines, officially known as the Summer Capital of the country due to its cool climate, pine forests, and high-altitude landscape.
• Bahama — A singular form used regionally or historically to designate the island group, territory, or culture of the Atlantic island nation; often used in Romanian as an invariable adjective or a compounding element to indicate geographical affiliation with the Bahamas. In tourist and cultural contexts, it evokes the tropical climate, coral reefs, and island landscapes of the Lucayan region.
• Bahamites — Granular marine limestone sedimentary deposits, consisting predominantly of oolites, bioclasts, skeletal fragments, and calcium carbonate aggregates, typical of warm, shallow, and agitated waters in tropical regions; named after the classic strata investigated on the Bahama Banks. Structurally, they describe a petrographic suite serving as a modern reference model for carbonate platforms.
• Bahia — A federal state located in the northeastern region of Brazil, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, with its capital in the historical city of Salvador. It is recognized as a major cultural epicenter of the country, where Portuguese colonial traditions merged deeply with African roots brought by slaves, giving rise to unique artistic and religious phenomena like capoeira, Candomblé syncretism, and axé music. Its economy blends tropical agriculture with coastal tourism and heavy industry.
• Bahia Blanca — A major port city located in the southwest of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, situated on the Atlantic Ocean in the bay of the same name. It represents an extremely important railway, industrial, and commercial hub for the southern pampas region, recognized as one of the country's primary deep-water seaports specializing in the bulk export of grains, wool, and petrochemical products.
• Bâhlos — Muddy, stagnant, foul, or full of small dirty puddles. The term is used in folk dialects to describe a low-lying ground, a valley, or a creek where water does not drain but stagnates and ferments under the heat, emitting a repulsive odor.
• Bahlui — A river in the Moldavia region, northeastern Romania, serving as the main tributary of the Jijia River; it rises in the Tudora hills (Botoșani County), flows through the Moldavian Plain, and traverses the city of Iași from west to east. Historically and culturally, it is deeply linked to the identity of Iași, frequently appearing in Romanian literature, with its name originally rooted in Cuman or Slavic terms suggesting muddy or marshy waters.
• Bahluian — Pertaining to or characteristic of the Bahlui River region or the human communities settled along its valley; a native inhabitant of the Bahlui area or the city of Iași (used regionally or literary). Stylistically, the term describes cultural elements, geographical landscapes, or phenomena specific to this historical Moldavian territory.
• Bahluieț — A small river in the Moldavia region, northeastern Romania, serving as a left tributary of the Bahlui River; it rises in the hilly area of Iași County and flows through several rural localities before merging with the main course. Linguistically, its name represents a diminutive form of the major hydronym 'Bahlui', reflecting its smaller channel size and water volume.
• Bahna — The name of a commune and its administrative village in Neamț County, Moldavia, Romania; it also designates several small streams and rural localities across Bacău, Mehedinți, or Suceava counties. Etymologically, the term derives from an ancient Slavic or Ukrainian root (bahno) meaning 'swamp', 'mire', or 'muddy place', reflecting the original geographical characteristics of the local terrain.
• Băhniș — A popular regional term or rare toponymic derivative, designating a small marsh, a minor swamp, a soft muddy area covered with reeds, or a small creek flowing sluggishly through mud. In historical cartography, it functions as a microtoponym in rural Moldavia.
• Wooden tub — A large wooden vessel, similar to a tub, vat, or cask, used in old rural households, especially in northern regions, for washing clothes, storing water, or preparing domestic mixtures. In a secondary, figurative sense, the term can describe a small, muddy depression or a mud puddle formed in a yard or on an unpaved country road.
• Băhnos — Marshy, full of swamps (reed-filled ponds, muddy places), damp, or covered with mud. The term applies to low-altitude lands where water stagnates, forming wet and difficult-to-access soils.
• Bahova — The name of a locality in Bulgaria (Bahovitsa / Bahova village in the Lovech region) or a historical/regional designation borne by certain settlements and estates in the Balkan and Eastern European area. In regional onomastics and toponymy, the term reflects an old Slavic root, sometimes assimilated into Romanian historical documents regarding boundaries.
• Bahr — A term of Arabic origin meaning 'sea', 'river', or 'large body of water', used in Romanian as a compositional element in international toponymy and hydronymy or in physical geography studies. It frequently appears in famous geographical names across the Middle East and North Africa, defining major river basins or vast continental lakes.