#folding

• From the beginning — A Latin phrase meaning 'from the beginning' or 'from first principles'. In biochemistry and computational pharmacology, it refers to calculations or simulations based strictly on the laws of quantum mechanics, without relying on preexisting empirical data (e.g., ab initio protein folding). In forensic medicine, it describes an act, toxic exposure, or pathological condition present from the very start.
• Archaic bending — The act of bending and its result; a bending, curving, flexing, or folding carried out on a flexible or malleable object. It represents the verbal noun of action derived from the regional verb 'adoi', being a rare lexical form used in the past in craft workshops before 'îndoire' became generalized.
• Amyloidosis — A systemic or localized metabolic and progressive disorder characterized by the abnormal deposition of amyloid (faultily folded insoluble proteins in beta-sheets) within the extracellular spaces of vital organs, such as the kidneys, heart, liver, or nervous system. This structural accumulation causes progressive atrophy of the cellular parenchyma and severe dysfunctions or organ failures, classified into primary, secondary, hereditary, or aging-associated forms.
• Anfinsen — A proper surname of Scandinavian origin, famous in the global scientific community due to the biochemist Christian B. Anfinsen, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1972. In an academic sense, the name is closely tied to a structural molecular postulate (Anfinsen's dogma) demonstrating that the native three-dimensional structure of a protein is uniquely determined by its linear amino acid sequence.
• Anticlinorium — A large-scale regional tectonic formation with a complex structure, consisting of a bundle of secondary folds and faults globally arranged in the shape of a major convex arch (anticline type). This geological megasystem forms in zones of intense orogeny through the lateral compression of the earth's crust, holding the oldest and most metamorphosed rock layers in its central core.
• Autodesmosome — A rare form of cellular junction or atypical membrane structure through which a cell creates an adhesive link (desmosome type) with itself by folding its cytoplasmic membrane, a phenomenon structurally observed in certain pathological states, tumors, in vitro cell cultures, or during intense cell differentiation processes.