#ethanol

• Alcohol — An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups bound to a saturated carbon atom. In common parlance, the term refers to ethanol or ethyl alcohol, a volatile, flammable liquid obtained through the fermentation of sugars or chemical synthesis, acting as the active ingredient in intoxicating beverages and an essential solvent in industry and pharmacy.
• Alcoholism — A pathological state and chronic disease caused by the repeated, abusive, and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages. It manifests through profound physical and psychological dependence, severe metabolic disruptions, progressive degradation of personality, cognitive impairment, and damage to vital organs, particularly the liver and central nervous system.
• Alcoholized — Having undergone the process of alcoholization; impregnated, saturated, or preserved with the aid of alcohol. In a clinical or social context, it describes a person under the influence of alcoholic beverages, showing clear signs of intoxication, coordination issues, and altered states of consciousness.
• Alcohol — The standard and widely adapted Romanian spelling for alcohol. An organic compound characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated alkyl radical. It represents the structural baseline of ethanol used as an antiseptic, general industrial solvent, or as the major psychoactive ingredient in a wide range of fermented or distilled beverages.
• Alcohols — An extensive class of organic compounds containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups bound directly to sp3 hybridized carbon atoms. This category includes a broad range of substances with diverse properties, from simple volatile molecules like methanol and ethanol to complex polyhydroxyl structures, heavily utilized in chemical synthesis, pharmacy, and industry.
• Alcoolism — The standard Romanian spelling for alcoholism; a pathological state and chronic disease caused by the repeated, abusive, and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages. This condition manifests through profound physical and psychological dependence on ethanol, leading to metabolic alterations, progressive degradation of personality, and damage to vital organs, particularly the liver and nervous system.
• Alcoholized — The standardized Romanian spelling for alcoholizat. Having undergone the process of alcoholization; impregnated, treated, or preserved with the aid of alcohol. In a clinical or social sense, it refers to a person under the influence of alcoholic beverages, showing visible signs of intoxication, loss of balance, and impaired cognitive abilities.
• Alcoholization — A rare and obsolete medical term used to describe the state or process of profound impregnation of the body with alcohol; a conceptual variant for alcoholization or acute alcoholism. It designates the clinical condition where tissues and bodily fluids are saturated with toxic ethanol metabolites, causing a temporary collapse of general homeostasis.
• Alcoholization — An archaic and literary variant of the noun 'alcoolizare', used in the medical and legal literature of the 19th century to designate the act of impregnating a body with alcohol or the state of profound intoxication caused by the abuse of spirits. It represents the physiopathological process described in old treatises before modern clinical terms were standardized.
• Alcohol-powered car — A motor vehicle specially adapted or used for transporting mobile blood alcohol testing units, or a vehicle propelled exclusively by alcohol-based fuels (pure ethanol or bioethanol blends). In traffic control jargon, the term can also refer to mobile police laboratories equipped with field toxicological gear.
• Alcohol therapy — The therapeutic use of alcohol (especially purified ethanol) as a curative or palliative agent; a historical or emergency medical method whereby alcoholic solutions are administered externally (as a disinfectant, antiseptic, or counterirritant) or internally, in specific and strictly controlled cases, such as an antidote in acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning.
• Breathalyzer — A portable apparatus or electronic device used by law enforcement or occupational medicine for the rapid determination of alcohol concentration in a person's exhaled breath. It operates based on electrochemical or infrared sensors that analyze ethanol vapors, providing an immediate estimate of blood alcohol content and serving as preliminary evidence in detecting intoxication.
• Breathalyzer — A variant spelling form or simplified functional equivalent for 'alcoolotest' or 'etilotest'; a procedure or portable device used to rapidly detect the presence and concentration of alcohol vapors in a person's exhaled breath. It is widely used in preventive traffic checks and occupational medicine to instantly determine if a subject exceeds legal consumption limits.
• Alcoholuria — The presence and concentration of pure alcohol (ethanol) in a person's urine. It represents an important biological and toxicological indicator used in forensic medicine to evaluate the elimination phases of alcohol from the body, with the alcoholuria value often correlated with blood alcohol content to determine the historical timeline of ingestion.
• Amino alcohol — An organic compound with mixed functionality, whose molecule simultaneously contains an amino group (-NH2) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a hydrocarbon chain. These structural compounds, also known as alkanolamines (such as ethanolamine or choline), possess a strong basic character and are essential intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, detergents, emulsifiers, and in cell membrane lipid metabolism.
• Arenga pinnata — The official binary name for the sugar palm, a large-sized palm species native to the tropical regions of South and Southeast Asia, belonging to the Arecaceae family. The plant is structurally characterized by long pinnate leaves and a robust trunk covered in black fibrous strands; it is utilized industrially for extracting sweet sap to produce palm sugar and bioethanol, as well as for its resilient fibers (ijon).
• Avertin — The historical trade name for tribromoethanol, a chemical compound utilized in the first half of the 20th century as a general anesthetic administered rectally, particularly in pediatric surgery and neurosurgery; due to its narrow therapeutic index and high risk of hepatotoxicity or severe respiratory depression, it was withdrawn from general human clinical use and is now utilized almost exclusively in experimental veterinary medicine and laboratory research on rodents.