#enzymes

• Abderhalden reaction — A medical eponym linked to the biochemist Emil Abderhalden, used to denote the immunological defense reaction (Abderhalden reaction) based on protective enzymes in the serum, previously used for the early diagnosis of pregnancy or certain oncological and psychiatric conditions (such as dementia praecox). The term also defines the Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome, a rare congenital metabolic disorder characterized by cystinosis and renal dwarfism.
• Aleuronic — Pertaining to aleurone, belonging to aleurone, or containing a large amount of reserve protein granules. In structural plant biology, the term describes tissues, cells, or seminal layers defined by intense enzymatic activity and the presence of nitrogenous crystalloid inclusions involved in plant germinative metabolism.
• Autolysis — A spontaneous and aseptic biological process of self-destruction, decomposition, or digestion of animal or vegetable cells and tissues, carried out by their own intracellular enzymes (especially lysosomal hydrolases) released following cell death or metabolic arrest. In forensic medicine, it represents the first stage of post-mortem decay, while in food biochemistry, it is a controlled phenomenon essential for meat aging or yeast fermentation.
• Autoproteolysis — A biochemical process of spontaneous and autonomous cleavage, degradation, or enzymatic digestion of proteins within a cell or organic tissue, executed by the organism's own proteolytic enzymes (proteases, peptidases). This endogenous structural phenomenon occurs in a controlled manner during autophagy and cellular turnover, but can be triggered destructively and uncontrollably in pathological states of ischemia, acute inflammation, or immediately following cell death (post-mortem necrosis).
• Bacteriolysis — A biochemical and immune process consisting of the destruction, dissolution, or structural disintegration of the bacterial cell wall and membrane, causing their death through the leakage of intracellular content. Physiologically, bacteriolysis is triggered by the direct action of specific enzymes, bacteriophages, or the membrane attack complex activated by the complement system in the presence of antibodies.