#cognitive psychology

• Amnestic — Pertaining to amnesia, causing memory loss, or characterized by severe impairments in the consolidation and recall of memories. In a clinical and neuropsychological sense, it describes a structural syndrome or a pharmacological side effect that affects brain circuits responsible for short-term or long-term information storage, without necessarily altering other higher cognitive functions.
• Amnesia — The total or partial loss of memory, caused by organic factors (head trauma, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases) or psychogenic factors (severe emotional shocks, psychological trauma). Structurally, the condition is classified into anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories) and retrograde amnesia (inability to recall events prior to the onset of the disease), affecting the patient's quality of life and autonomy.
• Anoetic — Lacking reflective consciousness, reason, or conceptual mental representation; pertaining to a pure sensory or primary affective state. In cognitive psychology and memory theories developed by Endel Tulving, the term describes the most elementary level of consciousness (anoetic consciousness), characteristic of organisms that live exclusively in the immediate present and react to perceptual stimuli without possessing the capacity to reflect upon their own mental states or memories.
• Anticipatory — Based on anticipation, relating to an action or state that occurs in advance or prefigures a future event; predictive. In psychology and economics, it describes a future-oriented behavior, algorithm, or control mechanism structurally designed to correct errors or adjust decisions before negative effects actually manifest.
• Anticipatory — Anticipating, prefiguring, or announcing an event, a state, or a logical structure before its actual realization. In linguistics, it describes a grammatical form or syntactic element (such as an anticipatory pronoun) that points to a segment to be stated later in the text. As a feminine noun, it can denote a person or a mental faculty capable of foreseeing the future.
• Anthropomorphism — A conception, doctrine, or psychological and religious tendency to attribute human qualities, feelings, passions, intentions, and shapes to deities, animals, inanimate objects, or blind forces of nature. In the history of religions, it represents the core characteristic of ancient polytheism, whereas in modern psychology, it is considered a cognitive bias through which humans humanize their environment to make it intelligible.
• Anthropomorphization — The act of anthropomorphizing and its result; the psychological, cognitive, or artistic process through which human traits, shapes, intentions, emotional states, or behaviors are attributed to non-human entities (animals, deities, objects, or forces of nature). In cognitive sciences, it represents a projection mechanism utilized to decipher and make the surrounding environment familiar.
• Apperceive — To subject to the process of apperception; to perceive a new stimulus, object, or idea by consciously relating and integrating it into the system of previously accumulated knowledge, experiences, and representations. This action implies a high level of voluntary attention and deep mental assimilation.
• Apperceived — Having undergone the process of apperception; a stimulus, object, or concept that has been consciously perceived and fully integrated into an individual's cognitive structure and prior knowledge background. It describes the final state of a perception refined through voluntary attention and memory.
• Apperceiving — The act of apperceiving and its result; a complex mental process through which a new stimulus, sensation, or idea is consciously recognized, interpreted, and dynamically integrated into the system of prior knowledge and experiences. It represents the noun of action describing higher cognitive assimilation.
• Apperceptibility — The quality or state of being apperceptible; the property of a stimulus, idea, or phenomenon of being capable of conscious integration and logical assimilation into the human mind's pre-existing system of knowledge. This concept defines the higher cognitive accessibility of an information.
• Apperception — A superior and conscious psychological process through which a current perception is interpreted, clarified, and assimilated into the mind via the background of knowledge, memories, and experiences previously accumulated by the individual. Unlike simple perception, it implies voluntary attention, self-reflection, and structural localization within the personal conceptual framework.
• Apperceptivity — The higher psychological capacity or function of consciousness to perform apperception; the active state of the mind characterized by the ability to reflexively assimilate, decode, and integrate new perceptions and stimuli into the structure of the pre-existing cognitive background. It represents the structural readiness of the intellect for conscious assimilation.
• Apperceived — Having been consciously assimilated and interpreted through the process of apperception; a stimulus or idea that is no longer a simple raw sensation, but has been actively integrated into an individual's pre-existing mental framework. It represents the past participle of the verb 'apercepe'.
• Facial affect agnosia — A very rare form or terminological alteration in neuropsychology used as a variant for aprosodia or affective facial agnosia; the pathological inability to recognize and interpret emotional nuances, facial expressions, or mimicry of interlocutors, usually caused by structural dysfunctions in the right cerebral hemisphere.
• Assimilated — Having been absorbed, integrated, transformed, or structurally incorporated into a pre-existing system, becoming a homogenous part of it. In biology, it describes nutrients converted into living matter; in psychology, knowledge organically internalized into the cognitive structure; in linguistics, a sound phonetically modified under the influence of a neighboring one.
• Self-analysis — The act of self-analyzing or its result; a process of conscious, detailed, and systematic examination of one's own mental processes, emotional states, motives, and behaviors; introspection. In rare technical or medical contexts, it can also denote the execution of an automated diagnostic or chemical analysis procedure performed by a device on its own components or loaded samples.
• To self-evaluate — To consciously and critically evaluate, measure, or determine one's own worth, skills, qualities, flaws, or achieved performance in a specific field; to pass a judgment of value upon oneself or one's actions, a process directly correlated with self-esteem and the capacity for introspection.
• Self-assessment — The act of evaluating oneself or its result; a psychological and cognitive process through which an individual assesses their own qualities, skills, flaws, or behaviors; a critically grounded self-image. In a broad sense, it determines the level of self-esteem and directly influences self-confidence and social integration capacity.
• Autodidactic — Belonging to autodidacts or self-education, relating to learning on one's own; a method, activity, or educational system based on individual, independent, and self-directed study.