#archaeology

• Artifact — An object made or modified by human workmanship, bearing a specific historical, archaeological, or cultural value (accepted variant for artefact); (in computing) a visual bug, digital graphic defect, or residual structure occurring accidentally during image or data processing; (in biology / medicine) an artificial structure or modification occurring accidentally in a microscopic preparation or laboratory result due to faulty technical handling, which does not belong to the analyzed living organism.
• Asar — A term with multiple meanings: in archaeology and mythology, it can refer to ancient altars or ritual stone structures; in an Islamic religious context, it represents the afternoon prayer or its designated time. Also, in Scandinavian archaeological terminology, it designates a deity from the Norse pantheon (adapted form for As).
• Ascalon — The historical name of an ancient Mediterranean port city located in the Near East (today Ashkelon in Israel), recognized as one of the oldest and most important urban centers in ancient Canaan and one of the five principal cities of the Philistines; famous in biblical history and the Crusades era, being the site of a famous battle in 1099.
• Assyriologist — A woman who specializes in Assyriology; a female expert who structurally studies the history, language, cuneiform script, archaeology, and culture of the ancient Assyrian Empire and other related Mesopotamian civilizations (such as Babylon and Sumer). Her work frequently involves deciphering clay tablets and restoring Near Eastern artifacts.
• Assyriologist — A member of the scientific community specializing in Assyriology; a male scholar or researcher who studies the language, culture, history, and archaeological remains of ancient Western Asia, particularly Assyria and Babylonia. His main structural tool is the translation and interpretation of texts preserved in cuneiform.
• Assyriologist — A female specialist in Assyriology; a female researcher or academic expert who studies the language, cuneiform script, history, archaeology, and culture of ancient Assyria, as well as the entire Assyro-Babylonian civilization in the Mesopotamian region.
• Assyriology — A branch of philological and historical science dealing with the exhaustive study of the languages, cuneiform scripts, culture, monuments, archaeology, political history, and religion of ancient Assyria, structurally extended to the entire ancient Mesopotamian civilization (including Babylon, Akkad, and Sumer).
• Assyro-Babylonian — Belonging to or relating to the combined cultures, history, and civilizations of Assyria and Babylon, the two great Semitic powers that structurally dominated the Mesopotamian basin in antiquity. This compound term describes an integrated cultural and religious space characterized by the use of cuneiform script, the development of high-precision law codes (such as Hammurabi's), and the erection of massive architectural monuments adorned with delicate bas-reliefs.
• Asmata — An archaeological technical term designating a ritual pit or small funerary enclosure specific to certain Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures, used for depositing offerings, sacred ash remnants, or cult objects dedicated to chthonic deities during communal religious ceremonies.
• Assos — An ancient Greek city situated in the historical region of Troad (currently located in the village of Behramkale, Çanakkale Province, Turkey) on the Aegean coast; philosophically renowned as the place where Aristotle lived, taught, and led a school of philosophy for three years (between 347 and 344 BC), the site currently houses remarkable archaeological remnants, including the Doric temple of Athena and spectacular ancient fortified walls.
• Assarion — An archaic name or rare lexical variant designating an ancient monetary unit of small value (the Roman as or its subdivision) used in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire or in ancient ecclesiastical texts to translate the copper coins mentioned in the Gospels; it represents a reference term in the study of monetary circulation in the Mediterranean basin.
• Astratinii — A structural archaeological and numismatic term used to denote a special type of ancient silver coins minted or discovered in the Pontic and Balkan regions, characterized by specific geometric markings resembling star rays. In niche studies, the term indicates rare monetary series issued by local confederations or specific late Hellenistic hoards used in regional commercial trade.
• Attalos — The name borne by several famous kings of the Attalid dynasty who ruled the Hellenistic kingdom of Pergamon in Asia_Minor, the most renowned being Attalos II (founder of Antalya) and Attalos III, who bequeathed his kingdom to the Roman Republic. In archaeology, the name is closely linked to the Stoa of Attalos, a monumental structure reconstructed in the Agora of Athens.
• Aurolite — A rare scientific or commercial term used to describe a type of rock, mineral aggregate, or natural crystalline glass containing microscopic gold inclusions or pyritic compounds that give it an intense internal golden glow.
• Ausu — A specialized term designating a traditional container or a ritualistic clay mug, specific to certain prehistoric cultures, used for libations or storing volatile substances. In a broad sense, the word can also appear as a rare or archaic regional variant for certain collection tools or measuring vessels used in isolated rural communities.