#alpine

• Arenaria montana — A species of perennial herbaceous plant in the Caryophyllaceae family, native to the mountainous regions of southwestern Europe, commonly known as mountain sandwort. The plant is structurally characterized by trailing stems forming dense mats, small, lanceolate, deep green leaves, and abundant flowers with five immaculate snow-white petals, widely used in horticulture for decorating rockeries and alpine gardens due to its high resilience.
• Arenaria tetraquetra — The official binary name for a perennial herbaceous plant species within the Caryophyllaceae family, native to the limestone mountainous regions of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. This species is structurally characterized by short stems forming dense, compact, geometric cushions, imbricated leaves arranged in four perfect axial rows (tetraquetra), and small, white, five-petaled flowers adapted to alpine arid climates.
• Arlberg — A mountain massif and high-altitude pass in the Austrian Alps, located at the structural border between the states of Vorarlberg and Tyrol. The region is globally renowned as the cradle of modern alpine skiing due to the founding of revolutionary skiing techniques, and hosts some of the most exclusive and spectacular mountain resorts in Europe.
• Armeria caespitosa — Scientific name for an endemic species of perennial plant in the Plumbaginaceae family, native to the mountainous regions of central Spain. This rock garden plant forms compact, dense, low cushion-like tufts with rigid linear leaves and compact globose inflorescences consisting of delicate pink or lilac flowers, highly prized in alpine garden design due to its outstanding structural resistance to drought and poor soils.
• Arnica alpina — The scientific name of a perennial herbaceous plant species in the Asteraceae family, commonly known as alpine arnica or arctic arnica. It is adapted to extreme alpine and subarctic environments across northern Eurasia and North America, featuring low growth, dense protective hairs, and solitary yellow flower heads.
• Arrhenatherum parlatorei — A rare mountain or alpine grass species within the Arrhenatherum genus, family Poaceae, endemic to or distributed across certain rocky regions of Southern and Central Europe, named in honor of the Italian botanist Filippo Parlatore. The plant adapts excellently to screes and thin calcareous soils, featuring slender yet resilient stems and a fine panicle inflorescence, playing an important role in alpine meadow biodiversity conservation.
• Asperula gussonii — The scientific name of a dwarf perennial herbaceous plant in the family Rubiaceae, endemic to the high, rocky mountain zones of Sicily (especially the Madonie Massif); this rare species forms dense, xerophytic cushions structurally adapted to survival in alpine limestone screes, featuring prostrate stems, small opposite or whorled leaves, and tubular pink or white flowers.
• Asphodelus albus — A species of perennial herbaceous plants in the genus Asphodelus, popularly known as the white asphodel. It is native to Central and Southern Europe, growing on alpine meadows, pastures, and limestone slopes. The plant develops a tall, unbranched stem that can reach up to 1.5 meters in height, terminating in a dense raceme of star-shaped white flowers, with each petal featuring a distinct brown or greenish median stripe.
• Asphodelus delphinensis — A synonymous or rare scientific name used in historical botanical taxonomy for an endemic variety or regional species of asphodel (genus Asphodelus), a perennial herbaceous plant in the Xanthorrhoeaceae / Asphodelaceae family; it is characterized by tuberous roots, long linear leaves clustered at the base, and raceme inflorescences with white or pink flowers, historically recorded in the Dauphiné mountainous region of the French Alps.
• Asplenium viride — A species of small, perennial fern in the Aspleniaceae family, popularly known as green spleenwort. It is a mountain and alpine plant that grows exclusively in the crevices of damp, shaded rocks, with a strict preference for limestone substrates. It is morpho-structurally distinguished from related species by the fact that the central axis of the frond (the stipe and rachis) is entirely green along almost its entire length, being brown only at the extreme base near the rhizome.
• Aster alpinus — The scientific name of the alpine aster, a perennial herbaceous plant endemic to the high mountain regions of Europe (including the Carpathian Mountains), Asia, and North America; it grows on limestone cliffs and alpine meadows, featuring short stems, pubescent leavesarranged in a basal rosette, and large, solitary flower heads with blue-violet rays and a golden-yellow disc.
• Aster yunnanensis — The scientific name of the Yunnan aster, a perennial herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae family, native to alpine meadows and forest edges in southwest China (especially Yunnan province); it is characterized by large, solitary flower heads with a bright golden-yellow central disc and long, thin ray florets in shades of lilac-blue or intense violet, globally cultivated as a hardy ornamental plant for rock gardens.
• Astragalus angustifolius — A specific species of perennial plant within the Astragalus genus, structurally characterized by narrow, linear leaflets and spiny shoots that form dense, compact, cushion-like mounds. It is a xerophytic plant perfectly adapted to rocky, calcareous soils and arid climates, natively found in high mountain zones of Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor.
• Astragalus australis — A species of herbaceous perennial plant in the Astragalus genus, Fabaceae family, commonly known as alpine milkvetch, distributed across subarctic and high alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere (Europe, Asia, and North America). This structural plant features partly decumbent stems, pinnate leaves with elliptic leaflets, and short racemes of whitish or pale blue flowers, adapted to calcareous soils, mountain gravels, and eroded slopes in the alpine zone.
• Astrantia minor — A smaller species of herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Astrantia genus within the Apiaceae family, native to the high mountain regions of Southwestern and Central Europe (especially the Alps and Pyrenees). It is structurally characterized by leaves deeply divided into 7-9 narrow lobes and delicate, small floral umbels surrounded by white or greenish involucral bracts, adapted to siliceous soils and shaded screes.
• Athyrium alpestre — A specific species of fern in the Athyrium genus (synonymous with Athyrium distentifolium), commonly known as the alpine lady-fern. This plant grows at high altitudes, in rocky areas, damp screes, subalpine forests, and open ridges, adapted to harsh climate conditions and characterized by small, round sori often completely lacking an indusium.
• Aubrieta columnae — A montane perennial species of flowering plant belonging to the genus Aubrieta, native to the Italian Peninsula and parts of the Balkan Peninsula, characterized by dense stellate hairs on its leaves and small, pale flowers; Columna's rock cress. This species is often studied in phytogeography for its specific adaptations to limestone and dry alpine rocky substrates.
• Azorella — A genus of perennial herbaceous plants in the family Apiaceae, native to alpine and subantarctic regions of South America, New Zealand, and islands of the southern Indian Ocean; these plants grow extremely slowly and form dense, compact, cushion-like mats (such as Azorella compacta or Yareta), perfectly adapted to withstand violent winds and freezing temperatures.
• Azorella trifurcata — A species of creeping perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Azorella (Apiaceae family), native to the cold and mountainous regions of South America (Ecuador, Chile, Argentina); it is frequently used in horticulture as a ground cover plant due to its rigid, glossy leaves, divided into three sharp lobes, forming a dense, compact green mat that is highly resistant to drought and low temperatures.
• Babia Gora — The highest mountain massif in the Western Beskids range, located on the border between Poland and Slovakia, with a maximum altitude of 1725 meters at the Diablak peak. The region is famous for its extreme and highly unpredictable weather conditions, being internationally protected as a UNESCO biosphere reserve due to its intact alpine and subalpine ecosystems.