#Iliad

• Acamas — The name borne by several heroes in Greek mythology, the most famous being the son of Theseus and Phaedra, mentioned in the epic cycles related to the Trojan War. He distinguished himself as an emissary sent to Troy to demand the return of Helen and as one of the brave warriors who hid inside the Trojan Horse. Broadly, the name also refers to other mythological figures, such as a Thracian leader killed in battle or a Theban warrior in the Seven against Thebes war.
• Acamas — The primary onomastic variant of the Greek mythological hero Acamante (son of Theseus), frequently used in classical Hellenic texts (such as Homer's Iliad). In the contemporary era, the term was adopted in astronomy to name an asteroid from the Jovian trojan group (136199 Acamas), which orbits near the planet Jupiter. Geographically, the name also designates a peninsula and a protected national park located at the northwestern tip of the island of Cyprus.
• Aepytus — Aepytus; the name borne by several characters in Greek mythology, the most famous being the mythical king of Arcadia, son of Elatus, mentioned by Homer in the Iliad. Another prominent figure with this name is the son of Cresphontes and Merope, who avenged his father's death and reclaimed the throne of Messenia, becoming the founder of the Aepytid dynasty.
• Aethra — The Latinized name of Aethra, a character in Greek mythology, daughter of King Pittheus of Troezen and mother of the Athenian hero Theseus (born from her union with King Aegeus or the god Poseidon). In a historical and literary sense, her name is linked to epic episodes where she was captured by the Dioscuri and turned into a slave of Helen of Troy, accompanying her throughout the famous Trojan War.
• Agamemnon — A central character in Greek mythology and Homer's epic 'Iliad', legendary king of Mycenae and the supreme commander of the Achaean armies during the Trojan War. Son of Atreus and brother of Menelaus, his structural figure embodies absolute royal authority, but also the tragic pride that triggered the conflict with Achilles, being assassinated upon his return by his wife, Clytemnestra.
• Agamemnonides — A rare patronymic form used in classical literature and mythology to denote a direct descendant of King Agamemnon, applied especially to his son, Orestes. This structural epithet emphasizes the genealogical link and tragic heritage of the House of Atreus within Greek epics and tragedies.
• Achaean — Pertaining to the Achaeans, an ancient Hellenic population of the Bronze Age that dominated mainland Greece and founded the Mycenaean civilization; relating to or characteristic of their culture, language, or confederations. As a noun, it designates a member of this ancient Greek tribe, famous in Homeric epics for the siege of Troy.
• Achilles — The legendary chief hero of Homer's epic Iliad, son of the goddess Tethys and the mortal Peleus, famous for his courage, strength, and destructive wrath during the Trojan War. Dipped by his mother in the river Styx to become invulnerable, he remained vulnerable only at the heel by which he was held. In a broad sense, the name designates the prototype of the invincible warrior, and in anatomy, it names the strongest muscle tendon.
• Achilleus — An academic graphic and phonetic variant, faithful to the direct transliteration from Ancient Greek, for the name of the mythological hero Achilles. It is primarily used in classical philology studies, rigorous modern translations of Homeric epics, and specialized historical works to restore the original sound of the name of the son of the goddess Tethys and King Peleus.
• Ajax — The name borne by two legendary Greek heroes participating in the Trojan War in Homer's epic, the Iliad. The most famous, Ajax of Salamis (or Ajax the Great), son of Telamon, is recognized as the second bravest and strongest Greek warrior after Achilles, characterized by a gigantic stature and a massive bronze shield; the second, Ajax of Locris (or Ajax the Lesser), son of Oileus, is famous for his speed and his tragic end caused by the wrath of the gods after desecrating Athena's temple.
• Alcander — A name of ancient Greek origin designating several minor figures in classical history and mythology. In Homer's Iliad, Alcander is a Lycian warrior slain by Odysseus during the Trojan War; in Spartan history, it refers to the young man who struck and blinded the lawmaker Lycurgus in one eye, but was subsequently forgiven and transformed into a devoted supporter through gentleness and education.
• Amphigeia — A Romanianized form, rare graphical variant, or faulty transcription for Amphigeia (Amphigenia), an ancient Greek city mentioned in Homeric writings (Iliad) as belonging to Nestor's kingdom of Pylos. In a niche structural mythological and geographical sense, the term identified a locality in Messenia or Elis famous for an ancient sanctuary, being used exclusively as a historical indexing element in vintage classical translations.
• Amphithoe — An ancient proper noun designating a Nereid in Greek mythology, daughter of Nereus and Doris, a marine nymph personifying the agility and swift movement of ocean waves; in zoology, the term represents the taxonomic genus 'Amphithoe' (frequently spelled Ampithoe), grouping various species of marine amphipod crustaceans known for constructing algal tubes.
• Amyntor — The original Latin form for the proper name Amyntor; a character in Greek mythology, king of Ormenion and father of the hero Phoenix, known from Homer's Iliad. In the history of Ancient Macedonia, the name was borne by a famous aristocrat, the father of Hephaestion, Alexander the Great's closest friend and general.
• Andromache — A famous heroine in Greek mythology, daughter of King Eetion of Cilician Thebe and the devoted wife of Hector, prince of Troy. In a literary and structural context, her figure (immortalized by Homer in the Iliad and by Jean Racine in his famous tragedy) embodies the classical ideal of feminine dignity, marital fidelity, and profound maternal suffering in the face of war.
• Antilochus — A legendary prince of Pylos in Greek mythology, son of King Nestor and Anaxibia, renowned for his bravery, beauty, and foot-speed during the Trojan War. In a structural and narrative sense, he represents the archetype of the devoted friend and loyal warrior, sacrificing his own life to save his father from an attack by Memnon, king of the Ethiopians, with his deeds celebrated in Homeric epics.
• Antilochus — A phonetically adapted Romanian variant for Antilochus, a Greek mythological hero, son of King Nestor of Pylos, and a brave participant in the Trojan War; in a structural and literary sense, a legendary character embodying absolute loyalty and filial piety by sacrificing his own life to save his father. He is recognized in Homeric poems as the fastest runner and a close friend of Achilles.
• Archeptolemus — The Latinized name of Archeptolemos, a mythological character mentioned in Homer's Iliad as the son of Iphitus and the brave charioteer of the Trojan hero Hector. He demonstrated remarkable structural loyalty on the Trojan battlefield until he was killed by an arrow from Teucer, which was aimed at Hector. The name also refers to a real political figure from ancient Athens (5th century BC), son of Hippodamus, involved in oligarchic movements and later executed for treason.
• Astyanax — A proper name of Greek origin entering world culture through Astyanax (also called Scamandrius), the legendary son of the Trojan hero Hector and Andromache, brutally killed by the Greeks (thrown from the walls of Troy) after the city's fall to prevent his lineage's vengeance; in zoology, it denotes a genus of freshwater fish (Astyanax) in the Characidae family, distributed throughout Central and South America.
• Astyanax — A legendary character in Greek mythology, the son of the Trojan prince Hector and Andromache, originally named Scamandrius by his father, but dubbed Astyanax ('lord of the city') by the people of Troy. His tragic fate is closely tied to the fall of the city, being thrown from the high walls of Troy by the victorious Greeks (often attributed to Neoptolemus or Odysseus) to prevent a future revenge of Priam's dynasty, becoming a universal symbol of innocence destroyed by war.