Historical Lexicon of Medieval Legal and Fiscal Documents

• Aruncărit tax — An ancient feudal tax or duty levied in the Romanian Principalities, originally applied to the right of using a throwing device or related to a specific form of taxation on property or agro-pastoral activities. The term reflects an archaic fiscal system of royalties owed to boyars or the reign, also representing the historical action of establishing, collecting, or allocating the tax per capita or per household in old rural communities.
• Official valuation document — An archaic administrative or commercial term, historically used during the period of Ottoman and Phanariot influence in the Romanian Principalities, designating an official document, a certificate, or an act of financial valuation and inventory of goods or merchandise. In the organizational structure of old chancelleries, this document served to certify the value of properties or to establish fiscal obligations, being drafted by specialized officials in accordance with the legal norms of the era.
• Collective petition — An archaic administrative and legal term, used in the Romanian Principalities during the period of Ottoman and Phanariot influence, designating a collective memorandum, an official petition signed by several people, or a grievance letter sent directly to the higher authorities (the Divan, the Prince, or the Porte). In the medieval bureaucratic structure, this document served as a formal complaint through which an entire community or guild expressed its grievances against the abuses of local officials, requesting the restoration of justice.
• Institutional — Relating to an establishment, a religious, charitable, or administrative institution; a person who manages, serves, or resides in a public or church establishment. In old chancery documents, the term described the institutional or normative character of a deed related to the founding and structural organization of a monastery or a hospital.