Axoplasm
Definition
The specific cytoplasm located inside the axon of a nerve cell, delimited externally by the axolemma. This dense cellular fluid is structurally rich in neurofilaments, microtubules, mitochondria, and synaptic vesicles, while lacking Nissl bodies (rough endoplasmic reticulum) and ribosomes. Axoplasm plays a crucial role in the mechanical support of the neuronal extension and in carrying out the delicate axonal transport of proteins and organelles between the cell body and synapses.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Axoplasm
- Axonal cytoplasm
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Feminine noun, regular structural plural and dative case variations within laboratory lexicons. |
| Formation | Scientific compound formed from the Greek prefixoid 'axo-' (axon) and the secondary element '-plasm' (cellular formation, from Greek 'plasma'). |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [ak.so.ˈplas.mə] |
| Source | Encyclopedia of Neurobiology Foundations, Cytology and Cell Membrane Standards |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: Ingredientele moleculare necesare la capătul sinaptic sunt transportate continuu prin această axoplasmă fluidă.
EN: The molecular ingredients needed at the synaptic end are continuously transported through this fluid axoplasm.
RO: Vâscozitatea structurală a axoplasmei depinde de densitatea rețelei de neurofilamente din interiorul fibrei.
EN: The structural viscosity of the axoplasm depends on the density of the neurofilament network inside the fiber.
RO: Cercetătorii au extras axoplasmă din axonul uriaș de calmar pentru a studia mișcarea proteinelor motorii.
EN: The researchers extracted axoplasm from the giant squid axon to study the movement of motor proteins.
Idioms & Phrases
Flux de axoplasmă / Axoplasmic flow
RO: Mișcare continuă și delicată a citoplasmei neuronale care transportă elementele structurale spre terminațiile axonice.
EN: A continuous and delicate movement of the neuronal cytoplasm carrying structural elements toward axon terminals.
Compoziția din axoplasmă / Axoplasm composition
RO: Echilibru chimic specific caracterizat prin concentrații mari de ioni de potasiu și absența structurilor de sinteză proteică.
EN: A specific chemical balance characterized by high concentrations of potassium ions and the absence of protein synthesis structures.
Transport în axoplasmă / Axoplasmic transport
RO: Mecanism celular activ coordonat de kinezină și dineină care deplasează veziculele de-a lungul microtubulilor.
EN: An active cellular mechanism coordinated by kinesin and dynein moving vesicles along microtubules.
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