Arteriole
Definition
A microscopic blood vessel, with a diameter under 100 micrometers, structurally located between the terminal ends of large arteries and the capillary network. Due to the well-developed smooth muscle layer within their walls, arterioles act as the primary resistance vessels of the circulatory system, playing a fundamental role in regulating blood pressure and regional blood flow distribution through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Arteriole
- Microvessel
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Feminine noun, regular microanatomical paradigm with standard plural and case inflections. |
| Formation | Diminutive medical derivative adopted from Modern Latin 'arteriola', originally stems from ancient Greek roots for windpipe or artery. |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [ɑːr.ˈtɪər.i.oʊl] |
| Source | Gray's Anatomy and Textbook of Medical Physiology |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: Sistemul nervos simpatic poate îngusta rapid fiecare arteriolă periferică pentru a menține tensiunea în caz de șoc.
EN: The sympathetic nervous system can rapidly constrict each peripheral arteriole to maintain blood pressure in case of shock.
RO: Examenul histologic de laborator a evidențiat modificări structurale în peretele unei arteriole renale.
EN: The laboratory histological examination revealed structural changes in the wall of a renal arteriole.
RO: La microscop se poate observa clar cum o arteriolă se ramifică într-o rețea complexă de capilare fine.
EN: Under the microscope, one can clearly observe how an arteriole branches into a complex network of fine capillaries.
Idioms & Phrases
Arteriolă aferentă / Afferent arteriole
RO: Vas microscopic renal care aduce sângelui spre glomerul pentru a fi filtrat în procesul de formare a urinei.
EN: A microscopic renal vessel that brings blood to the glomerulus to be filtered during the process of urine formation.
Arteriolă eferentă / Efferent arteriole
RO: Vas de sânge care colectează sângele filtrat din glomerulul renal și îl conduce mai departe în rețeaua peritubulară.
EN: A blood vessel that collects filtered blood from the renal glomerulus and leads it further into the peritubular network.
Rezistență arteriolară / Arteriolar resistance
RO: Forța hidrodinamică de opoziție exercitată de peretele muscular al arteriolelor împotriva fluxului de sânge pompat de cord.
EN: The hydrodynamic opposition force exerted by the muscular wall of arterioles against the blood flow pumped by the heart.
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