Arithmometer
Definition
The first industrial mechanical calculating machine capable of performing the four fundamental arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), patented in 1820 by the Frenchman Thomas de Colmar. This robust device, based on stepped drums with teeth of variable lengths, dominated administrative and banking offices worldwide for nearly a century, representing the technological grandfather of modern desktop calculators.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Arithmometer
- Mechanical calculator
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Neuter noun, regular structural variations. |
| Formation | Learned compound from Greek 'arithmos' (number) and 'metron' (measure), integrated into European lexicons via French channels. |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [a.rit.mo.ˈme.tru] |
| Source | Encyclopedia of Computing History and Mechanical Inventions |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: Muzeul Național Tehnic expune un aritmometru perfect funcțional, utilizat în trecut de contabilii băncii centrale.
EN: The National Technical Museum exhibits a perfectly functional arithmometer, previously used by the central bank's accountants.
RO: Introducerea unui aritmometru în birourile administrative a redus drastic timpul necesar pentru calcularea inventarului.
EN: The introduction of an arithmometer in administrative offices drastically reduced the time required to calculate the inventory.
RO: Mecanismul intern de la acest aritmometru include roți dințate fine din bronz și pârghii de resetare manuală.
EN: The internal mechanism of this arithmometer includes fine bronze gears and manual reset levers.
Idioms & Phrases
Aritmometru de birou / Desktop arithmometer
RO: Varianta standard de dimensiuni mari a mașinii de calcul, concepută pentru a fi așezată stabil pe masa de lucru.
EN: The standard large-sized variant of the calculating machine, designed to sit stably on a work table.
Mecanism de aritmometru / Arithmometer mechanism
RO: Ansamblul complex de piese metalice interconectate care execută transpunerea fizică a operațiilor matematice.
EN: The complex assembly of interconnected metal parts that executes the physical transposition of mathematical operations.
Aritmometru Thomas / Thomas arithmometer
RO: Denumire specifică atribuită aparatelor originale realizate conform patentului inventatorului francez.
EN: A specific designation attributed to the original devices manufactured according to the French inventor's patent.
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