Amakudari
Definition
A Japanese institutional practice (literally translated as 'descent from heaven') whereby retired senior government bureaucrats are appointed to high-paying executive positions within private corporations or public corporations; it is analyzed as a structural form of cronyism.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Amakudari
- Descent from heaven
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Proper loan noun, structurally uninflected and utilized within specialized political registers. |
| Formation | Japanese compound term combining 'ama' (heaven) and 'kudari' (descending), historically referencing Shinto myths before adapting to modern political jargon. |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [a.ma.kɯ.da.ɾi] |
| Source | Lexicon of Asian Political Systems and Global Anti-Corruption Frameworks |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: Guvernul a încercat să reformeze legislația pentru a limita fenomenul amakudari și a spori transparența.
EN: The government tried to reform the legislation to limit the amakudari phenomenon and increase transparency.
RO: Criticii susțin că amakudari slăbește concurența liberă, deoarece firmele angajează foști regulatori pentru a obține favoruri.
EN: Critics argue that amakudari weakens free competition because companies hire former regulators to gain favors.
RO: În urma scandalului financiar, jurnaliștii au descoperit că trei directori ai băncii fuseseră numiți prin amakudari.
EN: Following the financial scandal, journalists discovered that three directors of the bank had been appointed through amakudari.
Idioms & Phrases
Sistemul amakudari / The amakudari system / bureaucratic network
RO: Rețeaua informală și stabilă de relații prin care ministerele își plasează cadrele de conducere în companii mari la finalul carierei.
EN: The informal and stable network of relationships through which ministries place their senior staff in large companies at the end of their careers.
Tranzacție tip amakudari / Amakudari-style deal / crony appointment
RO: Numirea opacă a unui fost demnitar într-un consiliu de administrație ca recompensă tacită pentru contracte publice anterioare.
EN: The opaque appointment of a former official to a board of directors as a tacit reward for prior public contracts.
Reforma amakudari / Amakudari reform / anti-corruption initiatives
RO: Ansamblul de măsuri juridice și administrative menite să interzică foștilor funcționari să lucreze în firme controlate de ei timp de câțiva ani.
EN: The set of legal and administrative measures designed to prohibit former officials from working in firms they regulated for a certain number of years.
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