Actinides
Definition
Plural form for the neuter noun 'actinid'; a homogeneous structural group in the periodic table consisting of 15 metallic and radioactive chemical elements, with atomic numbers ranging from 89 (actinium) to 103 (lawrencium). Located in the 'f' block of transition elements in the 7th period, they exhibit similar chemical properties due to the progressive filling of the 5f electron subshell, being recognized for their high density, substantial nuclear instability, and capacity to undergo fission.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Actinides
- Actinoids
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Neuter noun, plural form. Articulated: actinidele, genitive-dative: actinidelor. |
| Formation | Neological loanword from French 'actinides', derived from the core element name 'actinium' with the functional chemical suffix '-ides'. |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [ak.ti.ˈni.de] |
| Source | IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Nomenclature Compendium |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: Cele mai multe dintre aceste actinide sunt sintetizate artificial în laboratoare prin bombardarea nucleelor grele cu neutroni.
EN: Most of these actinides are artificially synthesized in laboratories by bombarding heavy nuclei with neutrons.
RO: Studiul chimic al acestor actinide necesită măsuri stricte de radioprotecție din cauza radiațiilor alfa emise.
EN: The chemical study of these actinides requires strict radiation protection measures because of the emitted alpha particles.
RO: Plutoniul și uraniul sunt singurele actinide utilizate pe scară largă drept combustibil în reactoarele nucleare.
EN: Plutonium and uranium are the only actinides widely utilized as fuel within nuclear reactors.
Idioms & Phrases
Chimia actinidelor / Actinide chemistry
RO: Ramură a chimiei anorganice și nucleare care se ocupă cu studiul structurii electronice și al stărilor de oxidare ale acestor elemente.
EN: A branch of inorganic and nuclear chemistry dealing with the study of the electronic structure and oxidation states of these elements.
Contracția actinidelor / Actinide contraction
RO: Fenomen structural manifestat prin scăderea treptată a razelor atomice pe măsură ce numărul atomic crește în cadrul seriei.
EN: A structural phenomenon manifested by the gradual decrease of atomic radii as the atomic number increases across the series.
Actinide transuraniene / Transuranic actinides
RO: Elemente din seria actinidelor care au un număr atomic mai mare decât al uraniului și nu se găsesc în stare naturală.
EN: Elements within the actinide series that possess an atomic number greater than uranium and do not occur naturally.
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