Acantholysis
Definition
A histological pathological process characterized by the loss of intercellular cohesion between keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, caused by the destruction or dysfunction of desmosomes (cellular junction structures). This biochemical and immunological phenomenon leads to the separation of epithelial cells, formation of clefts, and subsequent development of intraepidermal vesicles or bullae, serving as the definitive microscopic hallmark for severe autoimmune diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Acantholysis
- Epidermal acantholysis
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Feminine noun, plural: acantolize. Declines according to standard feminine medical nominal paradigms. |
| Formation | Formed from Ancient Greek roots: 'akantha' (spine/thorn, relating to the prickle-cell layer) and 'lysis' (dissolution/loosening). |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [ˌækənˈθɒlɪsɪs] / Romanian: [a.kan.toˈli.zə] |
| Source | Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary / Fitzpatrick's Dermatology |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: Biopsia cutanată prelevată de la pacient a evidențiat o acantoliză suprabazală extinsă, confirmând suspiciunea clinică.
EN: The skin biopsy taken from the patient revealed extensive suprabasal acantholysis, confirming the clinical suspicion.
RO: Autoanticorpii direcționați împotriva desmogleinei 3 sunt principalii responsabili pentru declanșarea procesului de acantoliză.
EN: Autoantibodies directed against desmoglein 3 are primarily responsible for triggering the process of acantholysis.
RO: Examenul microscopic diferențiază o acantoliză imună de o necroză celulară indusă de factori termici sau chimici.
EN: The microscopic examination differentiates immune acantholysis from cellular necrosis induced by thermal or chemical factors.
Idioms & Phrases
Acantoliză suprabazală / Suprabasal acantholysis
RO: Detașarea celulelor epidermice situată imediat deasupra stratului bazal, lăsând rândul de celule inferioare ancorat de membrana bazală.
EN: The detachment of epidermal cells located immediately above the basal layer, leaving the lower row of cells anchored to the basement membrane.
Celule acantolitice / Acantholytic cells
RO: Keratinocite rotunjite, izolate și lipsite de punți intercelulare, vizibile la microscop în lichidul vezicular (testul Tzanck).
EN: Rounded, isolated keratinocytes devoid of intercellular bridges, visible under the microscope in vesicular fluid (Tzanck smear).
Acantoliză indusă medicamentos / Drug-induced acantholysis
RO: Formă secundară de clivaj epidermic provocată de ingestia anumitor substanțe chimice sau medicamente (cum ar fi penicilamina).
EN: A secondary form of epidermal clefting triggered by the ingestion of certain chemical substances or medications (such as penicillamine).
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