Absolutism
Definition
1. A political regime characterized by the total and unrestricted concentration of power in the hands of a single sovereign (monarch); autocracy. 2. In moral philosophy and ethics (ethical absolutism), a doctrine or stance holding that moral standards, values, and norms are objective, universal, eternal, and immutable, being applicable to all people across all cultures and historical eras, in direct opposition to relativism.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Absolutism
- Ethical absolutism
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Neuter noun, regular plural forms, often used as uncountable depending on context. |
| Formation | Borrowed from French 'absolutisme', integrating the standard ideological suffix. |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [ˈæb.sə.luːˌtɪzm] |
| Source | Lexicon of Historical and Intellectual Doctrines |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: Adepții unui absolutism etic consideră că minciuna este greșită din punct de vedere moral în orice situație imaginabilă.
EN: Proponents of an ethical absolutism consider that lying is morally wrong in any imaginable situation.
RO: În secolul al XVII-lea, acest absolutism monarhic a fost justificat teoretic ca fiind de drept divin.
EN: In the 17th century, this monarchical absolutism was theoretically justified as being of divine right.
RO: Dezbaterea filosofică dintre absolutism și relativism domină teoriile contemporane despre drepturile omului.
EN: The philosophical debate between absolutism and relativism dominates contemporary theories on human rights.
Idioms & Phrases
Absolutism etic / Ethical absolutism
RO: Poziție filozofică ce susține existența unor reguli morale absolute, fixe, care trebuie respectate indiferent de consecințe.
EN: A philosophical stance maintaining the existence of absolute, fixed moral rules that must be followed regardless of the consequences.
Absolutism luminat / Enlightened absolutism
RO: Formă de guvernământ din secolul al XVIII-lea în care monarhii absoluți foloseau puterea autoritară pentru a implementa reforme sociale bazate pe rațiunea iluministă.
EN: A 18th-century form of government where absolute monarchs used authoritarian power to implement social reforms based on Enlightenment reason.
Absolutism teologic / Theological absolutism
RO: Doctrină conform căreia normele etice sunt bune sau rele pur și simplu pentru că reprezintă voința divină directă și incontestabilă.
EN: A doctrine holding that ethical norms are good or bad simply because they represent the direct and unquestionable divine will.
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