#urine test

• Albuminuria — A pathological condition manifested by the abnormal presence or excretion of albumin in the urine, serving as a major clinical indicator of damage to or increased permeability of the kidneys' filtering membrane (nephrotic syndrome, diabetic, or hypertensive nephropathy).
• Albumosuria — A pathological condition manifested by the presence or excretion of albumoses (proteoses) in the urine; a term used in older clinical nomenclature to describe a particular form of proteinuria, historically associated with conditions such as multiple myeloma (known as Bence-Jones albumosuria) or severe infections.
• Urinary aldosterone test — The elimination of the hormone aldosterone or its metabolites through urine; in a medical and laboratory sense, the term designates the quantitative analysis of the concentration of this hormone excreted over 24 hours, a crucial test used to evaluate adrenal cortex activity.
• Amylasuria — The presence and elimination of the amylase enzyme in the urine; a clinical laboratory medical test that measures the renal clearance and activity of excreted amylase. Because amylase is a low-molecular-weight protein filtered by the glomerulus, monitoring this structural parameter is essential in diagnosing acute pancreatic disorders, as its level remains elevated in urine (hyperamylasuria) for several days even after blood levels have returned to normal.
• Aminoaciduria — An abnormal or excessive excretion of amino acids in the urine. This clinical structural phenomenon indicates either an inborn error of metabolism, characterized by massive plasma accumulation of a specific amino acid exceeding the renal reabsorption threshold, or a direct dysfunction of the proximal renal tubules, which become unable to retain these useful nitrogenous compounds.
• Bacilluria — The pathological presence of bacilli in the urine, detectable through microscopic analysis or bacteriological cultures (urine culture). This structural phenomenon usually indicates an active urinary tract infection, such as pyelonephritis or, in specific and severe cases, uro-genital tuberculosis caused by the elimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through the renal pathways.