#spore morphology

• Amphispore — A special type of resting spore, with thickened and often ornamented walls, produced by certain parasitic fungi (especially from the order Uredinales / rusts) under environmental stress. This spore ensures the survival of the organism through winter or prolonged drought, having a variable latency period and the ability to germinate directly on the host plant.
• Anisospory — A morphological phenomenon or reproductive type found in certain lower plants, algae, and fungi, characterized by the production of spores that are unequal in size, shape, or structure within the same organism or sporangium; heterospory. This cellular asymmetry represents an evolutionary step toward reproductive specialization, leading to the formation of microspores (male, small, and numerous) and macrospores (female, large, and rich in reserve substances).