#scholasticism

• Albertus Magnus — The historical Latin name of Saint Albert the Great (c. 1200–1280), a German Dominican friar, brilliant scholastic philosopher, theologian, polymath, and Doctor of the Church, recognized for introducing Aristotelian thought into medieval Western philosophy and for his pioneering scientific work in botany, zoology, and alchemy. He was the teacher of Thomas Aquinas and is considered the patron saint of scientists.
• Antepredicaments — Concepts, preliminary definitions, or fundamental logical rules established as a preamble before the exposition of categories or predicaments proper. In the Aristotelian and scholastic philosophical tradition (referring to Aristotle's treatise 'Categories'), these elements analyze crucial linguistic and ontological distinctions (such as univocal, equivocal, and paronymous terms), providing the structural tools necessary for the correct classification of forms of existence and thought.
• Aristotelianism — A philosophical movement grounded in the works and doctrines of Aristotle, characterized by rigorous rationalism, the use of formal logic as an analytical tool, and the adoption of an empirical perspective on concrete reality. This conceptual system dominated medieval scholastic thought through Arabic and Christian commentaries, defining the European university structure and shaping the evolution of metaphysics, ethics, and natural sciences for centuries.
• Aristotelianization — The act of aristotelizing and its result; a historical, cultural, or philosophical process through which a doctrine, a system of thought, or an entire academic era is adapted, interpreted, or structured according to the principles, logic, and methodology of Aristotle. The term refers specifically to the phenomenon in medieval scholasticism when Christian or Islamic theology was reconfigured to become compatible with Stagirite rationalism.
• Averroism — A scholastic philosophical current of the Middle Ages, developed in Christian and Jewish Europe starting in the 13th century, based on the commentaries of the Arab polymath Averroes (Ibn Rushd) on Aristotle's works; its main theses include the double-truth theory, the eternity of the world, and the concept of a single intellect shared by all humanity. This movement sparked major controversies in medieval universities, being officially condemned by the Catholic Church while paving the way for modern rationalism.
• Averroism — A standardized philosophical and graphic variant for 'averoism', denoting the radical medieval philosophical movement based on the interpretations of Averroes; it promotes the idea of the eternity of the world, the independence of rational investigation, and the unicity of the human intellect. This movement dominated the faculties of arts in Paris and Padua, generating vast theological and structural debates that foreshadowed the secularization of European thought.