#oiconym

• Arpașu — The designation of a commune and its associated villages (Arpașu de Jos, Arpașu de Sus) located in Sibiu County, Romania, historically recognized for preserving local traditions and their importance in the defensive framework of Transylvania. The locality serves as an ethnographic and geographical benchmark, acting as a gateway to the Făgăraș massif while preserving valuable vernacular architecture.
• Arpașu de Jos — The residential village of the Arpașu de Jos commune in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania, historically attested as an important center of cultural and economic convergence at the foothills of the Făgăraș Mountains. The locality marks an area of ancient Romanian settlement, recognized in imperial documents for its stable agricultural system and the preservation of traditional social structures in the Făgăraș region.
• Arpente — A rare toponym or oiconym utilized to designate micro-toponyms or small historical rural settlements within Western European regions, particularly in Francophone zones, etymologically derived from the ancient land area unit (arpent). In historical geography research, the term identifies plots or old land estates that subsequently lent their name to stable administrative hamlets.
• Arpino — A historical town and commune in the province of Frosinone, Lazio region, Italy, famous for its ancient origins and for being the birthplace of the renowned Roman orator Cicero and General Caius Marius. The locality preserves remarkable pre-Roman megalithic walls and a well-kept medieval urban layout, constituting a prominent archaeological and cultural benchmark in Central Italy.
• Arras — An important historical town situated in northern France, the capital of the Pas-de-Calais department, famous for its Flemish Baroque architecture, its two grand squares (Grand'Place and Place des Héros), and its priceless medieval tapestries. In universal history, the locality is renowned as a major theatre of operations during World War I (Battle of Arras) and for treaties signed here during the feudal era.
• Băeleși Settlement — A collective oiconym or patronymic name indicating an old rural settlement, a vanished hamlet, or a historical community of people closely tied to an estate held by the Băescu family or originating from a zone named Băea.