#medieval studies
- Ayyubids — A historical proper noun designating the members of a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin, globally founded by the famous military leader Saladin (Salah ad-Din) in the 12th century. This structural dynastic lineage ruled vast territories in the Middle East, including Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and parts of Mesopotamia, becoming famous in universal history for unifying the Islamic world, recapturing Jerusalem in 1187, and crucial military confrontations against Crusader states during the Third Crusade.