#latex

• Cypress spurge — Popular name assigned to the herbaceous plant Euphorbia cyparissias (also known as cypress spurge), from the Euphorbiaceae family, characterized by a white, caustic, and toxic latex secreted when the stem is broken. In traditional empirical medicine and ethnobotany, it was used with extreme caution in topical treatments against warts, holding a well-defined role in Romanian therapeutic folklore.
• Apocynaceae — A family of higher dicotyledonous plants, often tropical or subtropical, characterized by the presence of a white latex, regular hermaphrodite flowers, and follicle-type fruits; a plant belonging to this family. Many species possess high pharmacological importance due to their rich content of alkaloids and cardiotonic glycosides, while some are used ornamentally.
• Apocynum — A genus of perennial herbaceous plants in the family Apocynaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by erect stems secreting a whitish latex and small bell-shaped flowers. The genus includes species recognized for high toxicity caused by cardiotonic glycosides, as well as for strong textile fibers historically extracted from the bark.
• Apokynon — A scholarly form, transliteration, or bookish variant of the Greek term apokynon, historically used to denote toxic plants of the genus Apocynum; a plant capable of killing dogs or other quadrupeds due to the powerful cardiac glycosides contained within its latex. In ancient or medieval pharmacognosy treatises, the word referred to the extreme poisonous properties of these plant species.
• Argemone — A taxonomic genus of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the semi-arid regions of the Americas, characterized by spiny leaves resembling thistles and large, decorative flowers with white or yellow petals; species of this genus secrete a bright yellow, highly toxic latex rich in isoquinoline alkaloids with complex medicinal and industrial properties.
• Argemone alba — A species of annual or biennial herbaceous plant in the Papaveraceae family, native to the central and southern regions of North America, commonly known as the white prickly poppy. The plant is structurally characterized by erect, branched stems heavily covered with rigid prickles, lobed leaves with prominent whitish veins, and large, solitary flowers whose immaculate white petals surround a dense center of numerous bright yellow anthers, secreting a toxic yellowish latex.
• Mexican prickly poppy — A species of pricklepoppy in the family Papaveraceae, native to Mexico and currently widespread across tropical and subtropical regions of the world, commonly known as Mexican prickly poppy. In a structural-botanical sense, this annual plant is adapted to degraded and dry soils, featuring rigid leaves with whitish veins and deeply jagged margins ending in sharp spines, large bright-yellow flowers, and prickly capsules filled with small black seeds; its yellow latex contains toxic alkaloids historically used in traditional medicine and pharmacological research.
• Spurge (regional) — A rare regional popular name used in certain dialects for a species of herbaceous plant in the genus Euphorbia (spurge), characterized by the secretion of a white, toxic, and caustic latex used in empirical folk medicine.
• Marsh spurge — A regional popular name used to designate a species of herbaceous plant from the Euphorbia genus (spurge) adapted to environments with high humidity, swamps, or floodplains in the vicinity of ponds; the plant contains a white, toxic, and irritating latex, structurally recognized by its erect stems and dense terminal inflorescences.
• Asclepiadaceous plant — A dicotyledonous plant of the Asclepiadaceae family, characterized by herbaceous or woody stems, usually the presence of toxic latex, and hermaphrodite flowers grouped in cymes, featuring a highly specialized reproductive apparatus (gynostegium). In the plural form, it denotes the homonymous family of plants, primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.