#journalism

• Scapegoat — A famous Romanian idiomatic phrase used to designate an innocent person, a low-ranking subordinate, or a minor employee who is administratively or politically sacrificed and turned into a scapegoat, being held solely responsible for a catastrophic error, corruption, or gross negligence committed by superiors or caused by a systemic failure. The origin of the idiom stems from a historical event in 1923, when a major train accident in Vintileanca station was blamed exclusively on a railway switchman named Ioan Păun to shield corrupt upper management.
• Actuality — The quality of being actual, present, or of pressing interest for the current moment; the totality of events, news, or phenomena occurring at present and capturing public attention. In a conceptual sense, it represents the state of a thing that has been fully realized, moving from the stage of possibility to that of effective reality.
• Adevărul — One of the most important and long-standing newspapers in the history of the Romanian press, originally founded in 1888 by Alexandru Beldiman as an independent political daily; structurally re-established in 1989 immediately after the fall of the communist regime and later transformed into a modern media trust with integrated multimedia platforms. This media brand is recognized as a cornerstone of investigative journalism, political analysis, and social chronicle within the Romanian cultural landscape.
• Advertorial — An advertisement structural format designed to simulate editorial content, presented in the style of an objective newspaper article but paid for by a sponsor to promote a product, service, or brand. As a marketing tool, it merges the apparent objectivity of journalism with the persuasive intent of publicity, requiring specific labelling to maintain media transparency.
• Agerpres — The National News Agency of Romania; the oldest Romanian news agency and the first autonomous one, established in 1889 under the name of the Telegraphic Agency of Romania (or 'Romania'). It holds the institutional role of collecting, processing, and disseminating objective domestic and international news to mass-media and public institutions.
• Alarmist — Tending to spread alarming, exaggerated, or completely false news, causing panic, unjustified anxiety, and artificial worry among the population; a person manifesting this behavior of panicking the community. In mass media or public discourse analysis, the term describes a sensationalist approach, a tone, or a structural reporting method that amplifies the real risks of a phenomenon beyond the limits set by scientific or logical data.
• Alarmist — The feminine form of the term 'alarmist'; it describes a manifestation, attitude, news piece, or a female person tending to spread exaggerated or completely unfounded information, causing panic and unjustified anxiety among the public. In the structural analysis of media discourse, it defines a rhetoric focused on amplifying risks beyond the limits set by objective or scientific data.
• Investigation — The act of systematically investigating a problem, an offense, or a situation of public interest, and its result; a set of investigations, hearings, and evidence gathering carried out by a judicial authority, an administrative commission, or by journalists to establish factual truth and identify responsible parties.
• Kicker — A smaller secondary title placed immediately above the main title of a newspaper article, book, or study, serving to introduce the context, indicate the column, or localize the action. In journalistic editing, this structural element quickly orientates the reader.
• Short article — A diminutive of the noun 'articol'; a very small journalistic or literary text, often possesses a quick informative nature, published in a secondary column of a gazette. In a colloquial or ironic style, the term can describe a text written without depth or a minor analytical attempt, while in linguistics it can refer to the playful or contextual use of a small grammatical determination form.
• Asahi Shimbun — One of the oldest, most influential, and largest national newspapers in Japan, founded in 1879 in Osaka. Internationally recognized for its high-quality journalism with a liberal and left-leaning stance, this structural daily plays an essential role in shaping Japanese public opinion, standing out through detailed political analysis, complex economic investigations, and major cultural partnerships, including the awarding of the prestigious Asahi Prize.
• Associated Press — An independent, global news agency headquartered in New York City, founded in 1846 as a non-profit cooperative; it represents one of the largest and oldest news organizations in the world, globally recognized for providing rapid feeds of verified information, impactful photojournalism, and investigative reports utilized by thousands of publications, television stations, and digital platforms worldwide.
• To self-censor — To voluntarily impose restrictions on the expression of one's own ideas, opinions, or artistic and journalistic works, due to fear of political repercussions, social pressure, conformism, or internal fears, without direct official enforcement.
• Self-censorship — The act of self-censoring and its result; the psychological and social process whereby an individual or institution voluntarily suppresses or alters their own speech, writings, or artistic expressions before publication.
• To self-contradict — To autonomously retract, deny, or contradict a statement, declaration, or position previously expressed; to publicly or officially acknowledge that one's own words or actions were erroneous, inaccurate, or untruthful. In a journalistic or political context, it describes the act by which a leader or agency revises an official communiqué to cancel its validity.
• Self-retraction — The act of self-contradicting and its result; an official, voluntary, and autonomous retraction of a statement, declaration, or position previously expressed by the same person or institution. This structural act restores the factual or legal truth in the public space, canceling the validity of an erroneous communiqué issued in the past.
• Preview — A journalistic article, preliminary review, or concise critical presentation published before the premiere of a show, film release, exhibition opening, or book publication. Its primary purpose is to provide the public with introductory details, thematic perspectives, and anticipated analyses, stimulating interest without revealing key plot points or resolutions.
• Nicușor Dan's pride — A political and journalistic phrase used in the Romanian media to describe the tenacious, rigid, mathematical, and often inflexible administrative style of politician Nicușor Dan (the General Mayor of Bucharest). The phrase directly refers, according to political analysis and press commentary, to his refusal to yield to pressures from large real estate developers, his strictness regarding urban legality, and his resilience in negotiations with political parties within the General Council, being perceived by critics as proud stubbornness that blocks dialogue and city development, and by supporters as moral uprightness and unshakable consistency.