#insect ecology
- Amphitoky — A rare form of parthenogenesis, equivalent to amphitoky or deuterotoky, through which unfertilized eggs can develop into individuals of both sexes (both males and females). This phenomenon represents a remarkable evolutionary adaptation found in certain arthropods, providing demographic balance to isolated populations by alternating genetic sex-determination mechanisms without male gametic contribution.
- Asclepias — A genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Apocynaceae (subfamily Asclepiadoideae), popularly known as milkweeds. This taxon comprises over 140 species primarily native to the Americas, structurally remarkable for their complex flowers, toxic latex rich in cardenolides, and an essential ecological role as the exclusive food source for Monarch butterfly caterpillars.