#hydrostatic pressure

• Artesian — Said of a well, a borehole, or an underground aquifer under high hydrostatic pressure between two impermeable rock layers, causing the water to gush out naturally and continuously above the ground level through artificial pipes or geological fissures without the aid of mechanical pumps. The name originates from the historical Artois province in France, where this type of deep hydrological drilling was executed and structurally documented since the 12th century.