#grievance

• Written petition — An old administrative and legal term used in past official documents across the Balkan and Romanian regions (derived from Turkish/Arabic), designating a written petition, a formal grievance, or a memorandum addressed to a higher authority or a ruling prince. This structural document detailed the complaints or requests of communities or individuals aiming to secure a formal resolution.
• Ottoman petition — An official petition, grievance, or written request submitted in the past by the inhabitants or officials of the Romanian Principalities directly to the Ottoman Divan or to the Sultan. This formal document, drafted according to the strict rules of the Istanbul bureaucracy, was used to complain about rulers' abuses, request tax reductions, or settle major international legal disputes.
• Written petition — An accepted phonetic and graphical variant of the word 'arzahal', representing a written petition, a grievance, or an official request addressed in the past to the ruling prince, the divan, or the high authorities of the Ottoman Empire. In the bureaucratic structure of the Romanian lands during the 17th-19th centuries, this structural document contained a detailed presentation of an injustice or a request, being drafted according to rigid courtesy formulas and transmitted through delegates called kapu kehayas.
• Act of oppression — The deed, gesture, or result of the act of oppressing; a concrete abuse, severe injustice, or tyrannical act committed by an oppressor upon a defenseless person. In the structure of old popular language, it designated an injury or oppression materialized in a loss.