#grammar terminology

• Active — Acting in a dynamic manner, producing transformations, or manifesting sustained energy; (in economics) the total economic assets and property rights owned by an entity; (in grammar) the voice in which the subject performs the action expressed by the verb. This structural concept defines the state of operability, efficiency, and direct involvement in a system.
• Certain — Precisely indicated, determined, chosen, or fixed from among a larger number of possibilities; which is of a certain kind or is in a known but not directly named state; (indefinite pronoun) a certain one, an individual or object taken abstractly.
• Autosemantic — Having an independent meaning; possessing independent semantic value regardless of context. In linguistics, this attribute describes words with full notional content, also called conceptual or lexical words (such as nouns, adjectives, verbs, or adverbs), which can fulfill a syntactic function in a sentence on their own, as opposed to synsemantic words (prepositions, conjunctions).