#genome evolution
- Allopolyploid — An organism, cell, or individual possessing more than two complete sets of chromosomes (being polyploid), resulting from the hybridization between two or more distinct species, followed by chromosome doubling. This hybrid structural phenomenon combines non-homologous genomes, being extremely widespread in the plant kingdom (for instance, in wheat or cotton), where it ensures enhanced vigor and restored fertility.
- Allosyndesis — A cytogenetic phenomenon or structural process consisting of the pairing (synapsis) during meiosis of non-homologous chromosomes originating from different parents or distinct species within a hybrid or allopolyploid organism. This type of atypical chromosomal association differs structurally from autosynapsis and plays an essential role in analyzing genomic reconfiguration and the degree of phylogenetic relationship between taxa.