#fraud

• To adulterate — To falsify a substance, food, pharmaceutical, or commercial product by introducing foreign, inferior, or artificial elements to increase bulk or weight for illicit profit; to adulterate, corrupt, or debase. In philology and literary criticism, it signifies to alter the original meaning of a text, historical document, or artwork through unauthorized modifications or interpolations. As an archaic feminine adjective, it describes an adulterous woman.
• Adulteration — The act of adulterating and its dynamic outcome; the technical or chemical process of falsifying, contaminating, or debasing a product by adding foreign and inferior ingredients. Adulteration constitutes a severe breach of consumer protection and food safety laws, strictly monitored by sanitary authorities to prevent public health risks and large-scale commercial frauds.
• Adulterated — Falsified, contaminated, or debased by introducing foreign, unauthorized, or inferior substances, typically for illicit economic profit. In philology and literary criticism, the term qualifies a text, manuscript, or artwork whose original structure has been altered or compromised through unauthorized interpolations. As an archaic masculine adjective, it describes an adulterous man.
• Shell game — An illegal and fraudulent game of chance, usually practiced in crowded public places (fairs, markets, stations), consisting of spectators guessing the hidden object (a ball, a coin) under one of three cups, thimbles, or playing cards manipulated quickly and with manual skill by a swindler. In a figurative sense, the term describes an action based on deception, manipulation, hidden tricks, or a duplicitous strategy by which the truth is concealed.
• One thing is to conceal, another to be silent — A famous Latin expression originating from Cicero's writings (De Officiis), literally translated as 'one thing is to conceal, another to be silent'. In a legal and moral sense, the maxim establishes a clear distinction between the deliberate, fraudulent act of hiding an essential truth that one is obligated to reveal (constituting fraud or bad faith) and simple passive silence or omission regarding facts that one is not legally or contractually bound to disclose.
• Anti-fraud — Preventing, combating, detecting, or prohibiting fraud, tax evasion, deception, or economic and cyber crimes; as a noun, it designates a direction, government institution, specialized commission, or corporate department tasked with law enforcement, audit, and stopping suspicious transactions.
• Anti-cheating — A measure, regulation, or technical device designed to prevent, detect, or combat technological fraud or illegal modifications made to equipment in high-performance sports (such as cycling, motorsports, or electronic chess). The term is a neologism adapted from the international concept of 'anti-cheating', used in refereeing committees to denote protocols of structural control and scanning intended to ensure fair play.
• Self-immolation by fire — The act of setting fire to oneself or one's property and its result; the voluntary destruction by fire of oneself or one's assets. As a social phenomenon, it represents one of the most shocking and radical methods of protest in modern history, often associated with national liberation movements or revolts against totalitarianism.