#ent pathology

• Adenoidism — A constitutional pathological state, encountered especially in children, caused by the chronic hypertrophy of adenoid vegetations. This structural phenomenon disrupts normal development and manifests through a complex clinical picture: permanent mouth breathing, characteristic facial appearance (adenoid facies), sleep disturbances, hearing loss, and an increased predisposition to respiratory infections.
• Tonsillitis — An acute or chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils, caused by a viral or bacterial infection (frequently group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus). This structural pathology manifests clinically through severe odynophagia, dysphagia, fever, cervical adenopathy, and swelling of the lymphoid tissue, requiring differential diagnosis to determine the appropriateness of antibiotic treatment.
• Tonsillolith — A calcareous concretion or calculus of variable size formed within the crypts of the palatine tonsils, commonly known as a tonsil stone. It is structurally formed by the accumulation and calcification of cellular debris, food remnants, and bacterial colonies, frequently causing halitosis, foreign body sensation in the throat, and mild dysphagia.
• Ankylorhinia — A rare congenital malformation or acquired obstructive condition (following severe trauma, chemical burns, or faulty nasal surgeries), characterized by the fusion, pathological adhesion, or complete occlusion of the nasal cavity walls or nostrils, resulting in the blockage of nasal breathing.
• Apocrisis — A term used in ancient humoral medicine to denote the elimination, evacuation, or secretion of noxious matters, altered blood, or residues from the organism; the product of this pathological secretion. The concept was based on the idea that restoring a patient's health depended directly on purifying bodily fluids through natural biological crises.