#electromagnetism

• Ampere-turn — A non-SI unit of measurement used to express magnetomotive force or magnetic potential within a magnetic circuit, represented by the symbol At. One ampere-turn equals the magnetomotive force produced by a steady direct current of one ampere flowing through a coil consisting of a single turn.
• Ampère — The surname of the famous French physicist and mathematician André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), considered one of the primary founders of classical electromagnetism. He discovered the fundamental laws of interaction between electric currents (Ampère's Law) and invented numerous experimental devices; his name was eternalized through the naming of the SI base unit for electric current.
• Ampere-turn — A compact and continuous graphical variant for the compound noun 'amper-spiră'; a unit of measurement used in electrical engineering to express the magnetomotive force or magnetic potential within an inductive circuit, defined as the product of the current intensity in amperes and the number of winding turns.
• Reinforcement — An assembly of metal parts (steel bars, meshes) embedded in a construction element to increase its tensile or bending strength; the totality of auxiliary devices (valves, cocks) attached to a pipe or boiler for fluid control; the moving metal part of an electromagnetic apparatus or the protective sheath of a cable.
• Self-excited — Regarding machines, generators, or electrical systems: self-excited; producing its own excitation current required to create its magnetic field without an external power source. Broadly or figuratively, it describes a system, circuit, or state that stimulates, maintains, or amplifies itself through its own internal mechanisms or residual reactions.
• Self-excitation — The phenomenon or process of producing the excitation current required for an electrical generator by the machine itself, utilizing the residual magnetism in the inductor poles. In an abstract or systemic sense, self-excitation represents the property of a dynamic system to generate or intensify physical phenomena, oscillations, or tension states through internal positive feedback.
• Self-induction — An electromagnetic phenomenon consisting of the production of an induced electromotive force within an electric circuit due to the variation of the electric current intensity flowing through that circuit; self-induction. According to Lenz's law, the resulting self-induction current has a direction that opposes the variation of the main current, manifesting as electromagnetic inertia when circuits are established or interrupted.