#dysphagia

• Achalasia — A rare primary motor disorder of the esophagus, characterized by the absence of normal peristalsis in the esophageal body and the defective or incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter during swallowing. This neurodegenerative condition leads to food accumulation in the esophagus, causing its progressive dilation, clinically manifesting as dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), regurgitation, retrosternal pain, and weight loss.
• Aphagia — A severe medical condition defined by the total inability or absolute powerlessness to swallow saliva, liquids, or food, representing the most extreme and dangerous form of dysphagia. This pathology can occur following a stroke, severe neuromuscular disorders, tumoral esophageal obstructions, or the presence of a foreign body, requiring urgent medical attention to prevent aspiration pneumonia or malnutrition.