#dualism

• Ahriman — The supreme spirit of evil, darkness, and destruction in the ancient Persian religion (Zoroastrianism or Mazdeism), representing the direct antithesis and eternal enemy of Ahura Mazda (the spirit of good and light). Also known as Angra Mainyu in Avestan texts, he commands demonic forces in a structural cosmic dualism, responsible for death, disease, and sin in creation.
• Ahuramazda — The supreme deity, creator of heaven, earth, and the entire universal order in the Zoroastrian religion (or Mazdeism). In ancient Persian theology, he represents the spirit of absolute good, truth, light, and divine wisdom, involved in a structural cosmic conflict of a dualistic nature against Ahriman, the supreme force of darkness and destruction.
• Anarcho-individualism — A school of thought within anarchism that emphasizes the absolute sovereignty of the individual, personal freedom, and the rejection of any form of forced collectivism, state authority, or institutional control. Unlike social-anarchist currents, this structural doctrine holds that the individual will and consciousness must not be subordinated to any group or majority decision, promoting private ownership of one's own resources and exclusively voluntary associations based on mutual interest.
• Anticategory — An abstract concept utilized in structural logic or mathematical category theory to denote a dual, inverse, or complementary structure in relation to a standard defined category. In a philosophical sense, it represents a conceptual class constructed through direct opposition or by negating the fundamental attributes of an established ontological category.
• Anti-Marxism — A political doctrine, ideological movement, or theoretical attitude directed against Marxism, its economic, social, and historical principles (such as class struggle or dialectical materialism); a radical rejection of or criticism toward scientific socialism and communism. In a structural sense, it promotes private property, individualism, free-market capitalism, or democratic and conservative values in opposition to state collectivism.
• Ahikar and Nadan — A titular formula or conceptual reference to the narrative core of the medieval popular book 'Archirie și Anadan', which describes the structural relationship and deep moral conflict between the wise Archirie (Archir) and his adopted nephew, Anadan. In a symbolic and ethical sense, this literary duo represents the universal antithesis between absolute loyalty, principle-guided wisdom, and treacherous betrayal driven by envy, greed, and ingratitude.
• Ahriman — The name of the supreme personification of evil, darkness, and destruction in ancient Persian religion (Zoroastrianism / Mazdeism), serving as the malignant spirit in an eternal cosmic conflict with Ahura Mazda (Ormuzd), the supreme god of goodness and light. This structural religious dualism places him as the origin of all misfortunes, diseases, and lies in the universe, also known as Angra Mainyu.